Eye Exams May Enable Early Alzheimer's Detection

Imagine being able to detect the risk of Alzheimer's disease years before the first symptoms appear, through a simple eye exam. This possibility is becoming a reality thanks to current research. Scientists are exploring the eye as a "window to the brain," as the retina, located at the back of the eye, shares structural and functional characteristics with the brain, containing nerves and blood vessels that come directly from it.

Dr. Edgardo Rivera, Medical Director at Charter Research in Orlando, explains that the retina can provide valuable information not only about eye diseases but also about systemic conditions, including Alzheimer's. Researchers are studying subtle changes in how light scatters in the retina, as well as the thinning of retinal arteries, as potential early biomarkers for the disease. A new study by The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) has identified abnormal changes in the tiny blood vessels of the retina in mice with a common genetic mutation (MTHFR677C>T), associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's. These changes include twisted, narrowed, and swollen vessels, and reduced vascular branching, which are similar to brain changes related to poor blood flow and cognitive decline. Furthermore, disruptions in protein patterns have been observed in both brain and retinal tissue, affecting cellular energy production, waste protein removal, and vascular support.

Two innovative eye tests are being evaluated:

• RetiSpec: Uses a special attachment on an existing eye exam camera. Artificial intelligence (AI) analyzes the reflected light in the images to detect patterns that could indicate early Alzheimer's.

• ViewMind: Assesses eye movements in relation to cognitive tasks using a special headset with eye-tracking capabilities. A healthcare provider interprets how eye movements respond to visual exercises using proprietary software.

These non-invasive tests promise to be quicker, simpler, and more affordable than traditional PET brain scans. Currently, the Bio-Hermes-002 study, supported by the Global Alzheimer's Platform (GAP) Foundation and facilitated by Charter Research in Orlando, is evaluating RetiSpec, ViewMind, blood biomarkers, and digital tests alongside traditional PET scans to predict Alzheimer's. Participants in this study can receive free brain MRIs and PET scans, blood tests, eye tests, and cognitive assessments, representing a significant benefit given the high cost of these tests.

Dr. Alaina Reagan, a neuroscientist at JAX, emphasizes that collaboration with clinicians and dementia specialists aims to translate these findings into human application, suggesting that individuals with retinal vascular changes could be identified as high-risk decades before cognitive damage becomes noticeable. Participation in this research is crucial for developing better detection and treatment options for future generations.

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🔖 Sources

Routine eye exams may help detect Alzheimer’s years before symptoms appear

Eye Exams May Offer Early Detection Pathway for Alzheimer’s Disease

Could Eye Exams Detect Alzheimer’s? Scientists Say It’s Possible

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