Image credit: Prime Video.Fair use. S eason 7 of The Good Doctor  delivers some of the series' most intricate surgical puzzles, blending high-stakes pediatric cardiology with deeply personal medical crises. From a complex "domino transplant" linking two infants to the return of familiar faces facing life-threatening diagnoses, the final season showcases the team's evolution. The narrative also delves into the ethical boundaries of experimental treatments, including bacteriophage therapy and awake brain mapping. Below is a comprehensive review of the specific medical diagnoses and treatments featured throughout Season 7. Content ⁉️ 1️⃣ Episode 1 2️⃣ Episode 2 3️⃣ Episode 3 4️⃣ Episode 4 5️⃣ Episode 5 6️⃣ Episode 6 7️⃣ Episode 7 8️⃣ Episode 8 9️⃣ Episode 9 🔟 Episode 10 🔖 Key Takeaways Episode 1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Severe Valvular Heart Failure J ack and Eden (Infants). Jack, awaiting a heart transplant for cardiomyopathy , developed a severe abscess  that threatened his eligibility. Eden, an infant with Turner syndrome , suffered from aortic stenosis  and a leaking bicuspid pulmonary valve, leading to heart failure. Treatment (Domino Transplant):  Dr. Murphy treated Jack's infection with medical maggots  to clear necrosis quickly. Once cleared, Jack received a donor heart. His original heart, which had healthy valves, was then harvested. Jack's valves were used to replace Eden's defective ones, providing her with a homograft and avoiding lifelong blood thinners. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Shock:  Reaction to extreme pain. Stroke:  Potential neurological event during surgery. Cellulitis:  Bacterial skin infection requiring debridement. Left Ventricular Dysfunction:  Impaired pumping ability of the heart. Aortic Insufficiency:  Valve leakage. Pulmonary Stenosis:  Narrowing of the pulmonary valve. Paravalvular Leak:  Blood flow around a prosthetic valve. Episode 2 Silicosis R ich Shelford presented with cough syncope  (fainting from coughing). Initial imaging suggested lung nodules. Diagnosis:  Dr. Murphy linked his condition to his job cutting quartz countertops. The dust inhalation caused silicosis , previously misdiagnosed as pneumonia. Treatment:  Due to extensive lung damage, Rich underwent a bilateral lung transplant . Brain Stem Tumor Sal Zacharia caused a car accident due to visual impairment. MRI revealed a large tumor interwoven with his brain stem  and cranial nerves. Treatment:  The tumor was accessed via a complex Trans-Cervical (TCR) approach , involving a mandibulotomy (splitting the jaw). Robotic equipment allowed for the complete removal of the tumor without paralysis. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Lactation Insufficiency:  Newborn failing to gain weight. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):  Neurodevelopmental condition affecting social interaction. Subdural Hematoma:  Bleeding between the brain and skull. Hemophobia:  Intense fear of blood. Gambling Addiction:  Compulsive behavioral disorder. Episode 3 Foreign Body Ingestion: Grill Brush Wire P hipps. A student presented with hearing loss and headache after a party. Symptoms progressed to acalculous cholecystitis  (gallbladder inflammation). Diagnosis:  Surgery revealed a metal wire fragment  from a grill brush in the gallbladder. A second wire was found in his tonsil, irritating the carotid artery and causing stroke-like symptoms. Treatment:  The gallbladder wire was surgically removed. The tonsil wire was extracted using a strong magnet. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Otitis Externa:  Ear canal infection. Rib Fracture:  Suspected chest trauma. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA):  Mini-stroke symptoms. Esophageal Abscess:  Differential diagnosis for esophageal mass. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS):  Subject of a clinical trial. Cellulitis:  Skin infection at injury site. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus:  Autoimmune condition considered. Episode 4 Left Jugular Compression C ameron Howard. Cameron was diagnosed with Early Onset Alzheimer's due to rapid cognitive decline. Diagnosis:  Dr. Murphy realized the symptoms were vascular, not degenerative. Left jugular compression  restricted blood flow from the brain, mimicking dementia. Treatment:  Surgical intervention restored blood flow and cognitive function. Vestibular Schwannomas (Compounded by Sickle Cell) Nathan Speed, suffering from Sickle Cell Disease , lost hearing in one ear. Diagnosis:  MRI revealed vestibular schwannomas  (brain tumors). Treatment:  To preserve his hearing for singing, surgeons used an AI-discovered bilateral endoscopic-assisted keyhole approach . Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Head Trauma:  Brain injury requiring assessment. Rebar Impalement:  Severe penetrating injury. Hyperthyroidism:  Overactive thyroid. Hemorrhagic Shock:  Life-threatening blood loss. Opioid Overdose:  Toxicity from pain medication. Ischemic Stroke:  Blood flow obstruction to the brain. Breast Cancer (Stage III):  Advanced malignancy. Febrile Seizures:  Convulsions triggered by fever. Episode 5 Morbid Obesity and Advanced Fatty Liver Disease L ucy. A teenager presented with gallbladder inflammation. Surgery revealed advanced fatty liver disease  due to morbid obesity . Treatment:  Dr. Murphy performed a gastric sleeve surgery  to prevent liver failure and aid weight loss. Stage III Ovarian Cancer Ronit collapsed after months of dismissed symptoms. Diagnosis:   Stage III ovarian cancer  with infiltrative hepatic metastasis. Treatment:  Despite radical debulking , the cancer was too widespread, leaving a terminal prognosis. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Hyperthyroidism:  Endocrine disorder requiring management. Fractured and Dislocated Hip:  Orthopedic emergency. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):  Common infection causing systemic distress. Splenic Infarct:  Tissue death in the spleen. Anastomotic Leak:  Surgical connection failure. Episode 6 Ventricular Aneurysm E than. A mass casualty victim presumed dead ("Black Tag") revived. Diagnosis:  Dr. Murphy identified a ventricular aneurysm  on the verge of rupture. Treatment:  The aneurysm burst before transport. Dr. Murphy performed emergency bedside surgery  using Teflon sutures to repair the heart. Amniotic Fluid Embolism Flora. A pregnant trauma victim suffered cardiopulmonary failure. Diagnosis:   Amniotic fluid embolism  caused by fetal hair blocking the pulmonary trunk. Treatment:  Emergency C-section saved the baby; removal of the obstruction saved the mother. Posterior Epistaxis Unnamed Male. A severe nosebleed would not stop. Diagnosis:   Posterior epistaxis  (ruptured artery in the nasal cavity). Treatment:  Medical student Dom used a urinary catheter as a makeshift balloon to control the hemorrhage. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Massive Flail Chest:  Rib cage detachment. Lacerated Femoral Artery:  Critical leg vessel tear. Uterine Rupture:  Surgical emergency. Anoxic Brain Injury:  Brain damage from lack of oxygen. Ocular Trauma:  Eye injury from debris. Panic Attack:  Intense fear response mimicking cardiac issues. Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs):  Abnormal heartbeats. Episode 7 Pheochromocytoma E mmanuel (Carl). A patient believing he was Jesus Christ presented with labile vitals. Diagnosis:   Pheochromocytoma , a hormone-secreting tumor causing both physical instability and delusions. Treatment:  Tumor removal cured the delusions. He proceeded to donate a kidney despite having rare Rhnull "golden" blood . Grade 4 Malignant Spinal Cord Tumor Paul. A skydiver presented with leg pain. Diagnosis:   Malignant spinal cord tumor . The accident cut off blood flow to the tumor, shrinking it. Treatment:  A cordectomy  removed the tumor and spinal cord section, causing paralysis but extending life. Chiari Malformation Type Zero Hannah. A patient with addiction history presented with chronic headaches. Diagnosis:   Chiari Malformation Type Zero , confirmed by adhesions restricting CSF flow. Treatment:  Surgical opening of the arachnoid to restore flow. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Kidney Failure:  Need for transplant due to dialysis intolerance. Opioid Addiction:  Dependence causing withdrawal symptoms. Perianal Abscess:  Infection requiring drainage. Diabetic Foot Ulcer:  Slow-healing wound. Carcinoid Syndrome:  Tumor releasing chemicals. Renovascular Hypertension:  High blood pressure from artery narrowing. Episode 8 Space-Induced Hydrocephalus M ason Landover. An astronaut returned from space with joint pain and cardiac issues. Diagnosis:  Delayed hydrocephalus  caused by brain fluid shifts in microgravity. Treatment:   Craniotomy  to relieve intracranial pressure. Tracheal Constriction via Parasitic Twin Limb Tayo. A boy with a third arm ("parasitic twin") had respiratory distress. Diagnosis:  A blood vessel supplying the extra limb was compressing the trachea. Treatment:   Amputation  of the non-functional arm and a nerve transfer  to restore function to the remaining limb. Early Predictors of Autism (ASD) Steve (Infant). Shaun Murphy observed early markers of Autism Spectrum Disorder  in his son. Investigation:  Shaun pushed for an fMRI study  to identify brain patterns indicative of ASD before clinical symptoms fully emerged. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Asthma:  Respiratory condition misdiagnosed. Bone Mass Loss:  Effect of microgravity. Decerebrate Posturing:  Sign of brain pressure. Fentanyl Toxicity:  Opioid overdose requiring naloxone. Episode 9 Posterior Frontal Lobe Glioma C lint. A lightning strike victim suffered a seizure. Diagnosis:   Glioma  in the posterior frontal lobe near the motor strip. Treatment:   Awake craniotomy  with intraoperative guitar playing to map the brain and preserve musical ability. Stage 1A Breast Cancer Dr. Claire Browne returned with a breast lump. MRI confirmed Stage 1A breast cancer . Treatment:   Lumpectomy  followed by re-excision for clean margins and a sentinel lymph node biopsy. Recurrent Terminal Glioblastoma Dr. Aaron Glassman revealed his cancer returned as a glioblastoma . Prognosis:  The recurrence was deemed terminal, and no further treatment was pursued. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Lichtenberg Figures:  Skin patterns from lightning strike. Keraunoparalysis:  Temporary paralysis from lightning. Air Embolism:  Surgical complication. Opioid Use Disorder:  Treated with rehabilitation. Episode 10 Recurrent Grade IV Butterfly Glioblastoma D r. Aaron Glassman's glioblastoma  recurred aggressively. Treatment Decision:  Despite options for resection and experimental ultrasound therapy, Glassman chose palliative care to prioritize quality of life over extension. Multi-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter Infection Dr. Claire Browne. Claire developed a post-operative infection resistant to antibiotics. Progression:  The infection caused septic shock  and necrosis in her arm. Treatment:  Amputation of the arm and experimental bacteriophage therapy  (using viruses to kill bacteria) saved her life. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed MRSA:  Initial suspect for infection. Septic Emboli:  Infected clots causing ischemia. Necrosis:  Tissue death requiring amputation. Organophosphate Poisoning:  Chemical toxicity. 🔖 Key Takeaways 🗝️ Full Circle:  The series concluded by revisiting core themes, including the management of neurodivergence (Steve's screening) and the mentorship between Shaun and Dr. Glassman. 🗝️ Surgical Innovation:  The season featured cutting-edge procedures like the domino transplant, medical maggots, and bacteriophage therapy. 🗝️ Returning Faces:  Dr. Claire Browne returned, facing her own medical crisis with breast cancer and a life-threatening infection. 🗝️ Terminal Diagnoses:  The show handled end-of-life care with poignancy, specifically through Dr. Glassman's terminal glioblastoma diagnosis. 🗝️ Complex Trauma:  Mass casualty events and rare injuries (lightning strikes, space travel effects) kept the surgical stakes high until the very end. Keywords: Medical Diagnoses The Good Doctor Season 7 Medical Diagnoses The Good Doctor Season 7

Image credit: Sky / Murder by Medic . Fair use. W e are at our most vulnerable when we are ill, placing absolute trust in medical professionals to diagnose, treat, and fix our ailments. We rely on doctors and nurses because they are trained to save lives; however, a dark subversion of this trust occurs when those same skills are used to kill. This is the haunting premise of Murder by Medic , a non-fiction true crime series that investigates the chilling reality of medics who abandon their Hippocratic Oath to commit the ultimate crime. By dissecting the lives and motives of those who were supposed to be healers, the series offers a disturbing look at what happens when evil enters the hearts of those we trust most. Content ⁉️ 1️⃣ Production and Release Details 2️⃣ The Plot and Synopsis: When Healers Turn Killers 3️⃣ Featured Cases and Experts 4️⃣ Distribution and Critical Response 5️⃣ Adaptations and Related Content 🔖 Key Takeaways Production and Release Details P roduced by FirstLook TV  in the United Kingdom , Murder by Medic  made its debut on August 19, 2024 . The series is distributed by Sphere Abacus  (also known as Abacus Media Rights) and originally aired on A+E Networks , specifically the Crime + Investigation  channel. The show is designed as a substantial documentary project, consisting of 50 one-hour episodes . Its production timeline spans from 2024 into 2025 , indicating a continuous release of content that explores a vast catalog of medical criminal history. Viewers in the UK can find the program on Sky channels 139 or 142  (Sky Glass/Stream), as well as on dedicated true crime streaming services. Image credit: Tubi / Murder by Medic . Fair use. The Plot and Synopsis: When Healers Turn Killers T he core narrative of Murder by Medic  centers on the stories of 50 different medics —ranging from doctors and nurses to psychologists, dentists, and paramedics—who used their medical know-how to murder patients or family members. Each episode serves as a deep dive into a specific case, piecing together hard evidence, the means used to kill, and the underlying motives. The series goes beyond simple storytelling by employing a multi-faceted approach to its investigations. It utilizes: • Poignant interviews  with the loved ones of victims. • Key video and audio evidence  related to the crimes. • Insights from investigators  and legal teams who worked the cases. • Expert analysis  from a distinguished panel of criminologists and medical professionals. The "plot" of each episode focuses on the "how" and "why." How did these individuals use their specialized training to hide their crimes? Why did they choose to take lives instead of saving them? By examining the psyche of the killers, the show attempts to uncover the drivers behind these rogue physicians. Image credit: Tubi / Murder by Medic . Fair use. Featured Cases and Experts W hile the series covers dozens of cases, the sources highlight specific examples that showcase the diversity of the crimes: • Malcolm Webster:  A murderous psychopath and "homicidal husband" who orchestrated three murder plots, including the death of his first wife, which was initially dismissed as a tragic accident. His primary motive was a desperate need for money. • Paul Novak:  A highly regarded paramedic and 9/11 volunteer who was seen as a hero in his community. Despite his reputation, he was a cold-blooded killer who manipulated his peers to help him murder his ex-wife. The "stars" of the show are not actors but the real-world experts who guide the audience through the psychological and medical complexities of the cases. The main cast includes: • Joni E. Johnston:  A psychologist and investigator who provides insight into the criminal mind. • Bryanna Fox:  A renowned criminologist. • Donna Youngs:  An expert contributor to the series. • Dr. Sarah Jarvis and Rod Demery:  Other recurring experts who provide medical and investigative context. Image credit: Now TV / Murder by Medic . Fair use. Distribution and Critical Response M urder by Medic  is distributed internationally by Sphere Abacus , making the content accessible through various programme portals for broadcasters. In terms of critical response, the series currently holds an IMDb rating of 6.8/10 . While specific accolades or awards are not yet documented in the provided sources, the show’s high volume of episodes and its placement on a major network like A+E suggest a strong commitment to the true crime genre. The audience's interest is further reflected in the "More like this" section on IMDb, which connects the series to other high-profile true crime content like 24 Hours in Police Custody  and Killers: Caught on Camera . Adaptations and Related Content W hile Murder by Medic  is a standalone non-fiction series, it exists within a larger ecosystem of true crime programming provided by A+E Networks and Crime + Investigation. Related shows that appeal to the same demographic include: • Homicide Squad: New Orleans:  A series following detectives tackling gruesome urban crimes. • Murder on Trial:  A drama-filled look at the pursuit of justice in the courtroom. • Killer Grannies:  A series focusing on unexpected elderly perpetrators. There are currently no mentioned scripted adaptations or direct spin-offs of Murder by Medic , but its comprehensive 50-episode run provides a definitive archive of medical-based crimes. 🔖 Key Takeaways 🗝️ Release Information:  The series premiered on August 19, 2024 , and is produced in the UK  for A+E Networks' Crime + Investigation . 🗝️ Scope:  It features 50 one-hour episodes , each dissecting the story of a medic who committed murder. 🗝️ Format:  The show blends true crime documentary  techniques, including interviews with victims' families and expert commentary from psychologists like Joni E. Johnston . 🗝️ Focus:  The series explores the psychological motivations of rogue medics, such as Malcolm Webster  and Paul Novak , who betrayed their professional oaths. 🗝️ Reception:  It currently maintains a 6.8/10 rating  on IMDb and is distributed globally by Sphere Abacus . 🌐 External sources Murder by Medic Murder by Medic Murder By Medic Keywords: Murder by Medic Murder by Medic

Image credit: Prime Video / Nurses Who Kill . Fair use. T he medical profession is built upon an inherent foundation of trust, where patients place their lives in the hands of caregivers during their most vulnerable moments. However, the British true crime documentary "Nurses Who Kill"  pulls back the curtain on a terrifying reality: the rare but devastating instances where that trust is weaponized. By examining some of the most infamous cases in medical history, the series provides a psychological and forensic autopsy of healthcare workers who chose to end lives rather than save them. This blog post explores the intricate details of the series, from its production background to the harrowing individual stories that have captivated and horrified audiences worldwide. Content ⁉️ 1️⃣ Series Overview and Production Details 2️⃣ The Experts and Stars 3️⃣ Plot and Synopsis: The Mechanics of Murder 4️⃣ Profile of the Killers: Main Case Descriptions 5️⃣ Distribution and Global Reach 🔖 Key Takeaways Series Overview and Production Details "N urses Who Kill"  is a United Kingdom  production that first debuted to audiences in the mid-2010s. While some sources indicate a start date as early as 2014 , the official UK release date is frequently cited as October 12, 2016 . The series was originally brought to viewers via the Sky  network and STV , and it has since seen wider distribution on platforms like Sky Go, Apple TV , and Netflix . The show is structured as a documentary series consisting of at least three seasons  with a total of 31 episodes , each typically running for about 44 minutes . Produced by Firstlook TV , the series focuses on high-profile cases involving medical professionals, though viewers have noted that the show occasionally broadens its scope to include paramedics and home carers. Image credit: Prime Video / Nurses Who Kill . Fair use. The Experts and Stars U nlike traditional scripted dramas, the "stars" of this series are the professional contributors who dissect the crimes. Key recurring experts include: • Jane Monckton-Smith:  A renowned criminologist. • Ellie Cannon:  A General Practitioner (GP) providing medical context. • Donna Youngs:  A forensic psychologist who delves into the killers' motives. • Sarah Jarvis:  A GP who offers medical commentary. • Colin Sutton:  A former Police Investigator who provides a law enforcement perspective. These experts work alongside other clinical psychologists and medical commentators like Christian Jessen  and Dee Anand  to explain how these "Angels of Death" managed to evade detection for so long. Plot and Synopsis: The Mechanics of Murder T he core plot of "Nurses Who Kill"  revolves around the analysis of real-life murderous actions committed by medical staff. The synopsis of the show highlights the use of never-before-seen evidence  and interviews with journalists and psychologists to decipher why these individuals targeted vulnerable people. A recurring theme throughout the series is the "double life" many of these killers led, using their expert medical knowledge to cover their tracks or manipulate the circumstances of their victims' deaths. The series explores various motives, ranging from financial gain and heroin addiction to more complex psychological needs, such as an obsession with being hailed as a hero after "saving" a victim from a self-created crisis. Image credit: DCD Rights / Nurses Who Kill . Fair use. Profile of the Killers: Main Case Descriptions T he "characters" featured in the series are real-life individuals whose crimes shocked the public. Several episodes highlight specific, chilling accounts: • Beverley Allitt and Victorino Chua:  The series analyzes these high-profile cases to understand the psychological profiles of those who kill in clinical settings. • Karen Pedley:  Hailed as a hero after saving her family from a fire, she became obsessed with recreating that glory, leading to a series of dangerous actions. • Sandra Weir:  A caregiver for 82-year-old Mary Logie, Weir stole from the elderly woman to fund a heroin addiction  before turning to violence. • Paul Novak:  A New York paramedic who appeared to have a "good life" following his wife's death, until the truth behind his lavish lifestyle and his wife's passing came to light. • Thomas Dunkley:  The "right-hand man" to a paralyzed former boxer, Shaun Cummins. Debt and dissatisfaction drove Dunkley to commit a heinous act against the man he was supposed to support. • Beverley James:  Led a double life as a carer and a sex worker, eventually murdering a frail woman, Harriet Davison, for money. • Thelma Purchase:  A carer who gained the trust of Greg Baker, a man with muscular dystrophy. Despite his generosity toward her and her family, she murdered him for financial gain. • Marie Whiston:  A nurse whose husband died unexpectedly; an autopsy later revealed high levels of insulin  in his body, pointing to a calculated murder. • Alison Firth:  A nurse who resorted to murder because she could no longer cope with the round-the-clock care required by her 84-year-old patient, Alice Grant. Image credit: DCD Rights / Nurses Who Kill . Fair use. Distribution and Global Reach T he series has achieved significant international distribution. Beyond its original UK broadcast, it is available across Africa, the Middle East, India, Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, and North America  via Apple TV and other streaming services. This wide availability has allowed a global audience to study the failures within various healthcare systems that allowed these crimes to occur. Critical Response and Accolades The critical response to "Nurses Who Kill"  is mixed, holding an IMDb rating of 5.8/10 . • Positive Feedback:  Some viewers find the series addictive and informative, noting that it teaches a "good lesson" about the medical system and the psychological makeup of those who justify their fantasies through murder. • Criticisms:  Several reviews point to the series being repetitive , with the same dramatic reconstructions and sentences used multiple times within a single episode. Others criticize the show for labeling non-nurses (like carers or EMTs) as "nurses," arguing this misrepresents the professional healthcare landscape. There are currently no major awards or spin-offs listed for the series in the provided sources, though it remains a staple in the true crime documentary genre. 🔖 Key Takeaways 🗝️ Trust Weaponized:  The series highlights how medical professionals use their specialized knowledge to commit and cover up crimes. 🗝️ Diverse Motives:  Killers featured in the show were driven by everything from financial debt and addiction to a psychological need for "hero" status. 🗝️ Expert Analysis:  The show relies heavily on criminologists and forensic psychologists to explain the "why" behind the murders. 🗝️ Production Quality:  While informative, the show has faced criticism for repetitive footage and occasionally vague professional definitions. 🗝️ Global Access:  The series is widely available across multiple continents, reflecting a universal fascination with and fear of the "Angel of Death" trope. 🌐 External sources Nurses Who Kill Nurses Who Kill Nurses Who Kill Keywords: Nurses Who Kill Nurses Who Kill

Image credit: Prime Video. Fair use. S eason 6 of The Good Doctor  begins with immediate catastrophe, plunging the team into the aftermath of an active shooter event. The season explores the long-term consequences of physical trauma, the ethical boundaries of xenotransplantation, and the silent progression of neurological decline in a mentor figure. From high-tech spinal surgeries to field amputations, the medical complexity remains intense. Below is a comprehensive review of the specific medical diagnoses and treatments featured throughout Season 6. Content ⁉️ 1️⃣ Episode 1 2️⃣ Episode 2 3️⃣ Episode 3 4️⃣ Episode 4 5️⃣ Episode 5 6️⃣ Episode 6 7️⃣ Episode 7 8️⃣ Episode 8 9️⃣ Episode 9 🔟 Episode 10 1️⃣1️⃣ Episode 11 1️⃣2️⃣ Episode 12 1️⃣3️⃣ Episode 13 1️⃣4️⃣ Episode 14 1️⃣5️⃣ Episode 15 1️⃣6️⃣ Episode 16 1️⃣7️⃣ Episode 17 1️⃣8️⃣ Episode 18 1️⃣9️⃣ Episode 19 2️⃣0️⃣ Episode 20 2️⃣1️⃣ Episode 21 2️⃣2️⃣ Episode 22 🔖 Key Takeaways Episode 1 Traumatic Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) and Liver Laceration F ollowing an active shooter event, Dr. Audrey Lim presented with life-threatening injuries, including a grade 4 liver laceration  and active bleeding. Treatment:  Dr. Murphy opted for a conservative angio-embolization  to preserve the liver. However, declining cardiac output revealed a traumatic Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)  caused by a deep stab wound. Progression:  With the bypass machine occupied, the team performed a high-risk percutaneous closure. Dr. Murphy identified a second, oblong VSD and successfully closed both. Despite the cardiac repair, Dr. Lim awoke to discover she was paralyzed . Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Cardiac Tamponade:  Fluid buildup compressing the heart. Pulmonary Hilum Lacerations:  Tears at the root of the lung. Full Thickness Tracheal Laceration:  Complete tear of the windpipe causing subcutaneous emphysema. Perforated Bowel:  Fatal hole in the intestine requiring repair. Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA):  Rhythm without mechanical pulse. Episode 2 Large Anterior Laryngeal Mass J eremiah. A reclusive patient presented with a choking sensation. Examination revealed a massive tumor involving the larynx. Treatment:  The team utilized laryngoscopy  and needle aspiration before surgically excising the mass. They successfully managed a dangerous bleed from the superior laryngeal artery. End-Stage Heart Failure (Xenotransplant) Unnamed (Dr. Hall's Husband). A standard heart transplant was aborted due to donor organ damage. The patient deteriorated on ECMO . Treatment:  Dr. Murphy proposed a xenotransplant  (pig heart). As the team prepared, a compatible human heart became available, allowing for a standard transplant. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Paralysis:  Loss of motor function requiring physical therapy. Hoarding Disorder:  Psychological difficulty discarding possessions. Tricuspid Insufficiency:  Leaky heart valve causing backflow. Episode 3 Hydrocephalus C ady Stinson, diagnosed with bipolar disorder, presented with paranoia. Dr. Park noticed headaches when lying down and a shuffling gait. Diagnosis:  CT scans revealed ventricular enlargement  (hydrocephalus). The fluid buildup was the root cause of her psychiatric symptoms. Treatment:  A shunt  was surgically inserted to drain excess fluid, resolving her neurological deficits. Grade 2 Oligodendroglioma Julianne presented with time distortion. MRI revealed a grade 2 oligodendroglioma  in the parietal lobe. Diagnosis:  Visions of the "afterlife" during cardiac arrest were identified as color agnosia  and optic ataxia , signaling a second hidden tumor in the occipital lobe. Outcome:  A second surgery was attempted, but the patient suffered V-tach  and passed away. Autopsy confirmed a high-grade occipital tumor. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Radial Artery Laceration:  Traumatic tear in the forearm artery. Hypoglycemia:  Low blood sugar causing falls. Multifocal Tumor:  Multiple distinct tumors in one organ. Cord Ischemia:  Restricted blood flow to the spinal cord. Episode 4 Traumatic Foot Amputation A ndy. A propeller accident resulted in a total amputation of the left lower extremity. Andy arrived in hypovolemic shock . Treatment:  Dr. Park performed a replant surgery. Despite a thrombosis reaching the popliteal artery, the surgery was successful. Brachial Artery Pseudoaneurysm Reenactor. A patient presented with a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm  from shrapnel. Complication:  An undetonated firework exploded during surgery, shredding the artery and causing nerve avulsion. Treatment:  Dr. Murphy utilized a parachute technique  for vascular anastomosis and nerve repair to save the arm. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Pilonidal Cyst:  Abnormal pocket near the tailbone. Subclavian Artery Trauma:  Injury compromising upper extremity blood flow. Popliteal Artery Thrombosis:  Clot behind the knee threatening the limb. Episode 5 Hemochromatosis and Acute Liver Failure S kyler suffered fainting spells due to a dangerously low heart rate. Diagnosis:  Genetic testing revealed hemochromatosis  (iron buildup) had damaged her heart and liver. Hypotension triggered shock liver . Treatment:  A lobe of her biological father’s liver was transplanted to save her. Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Chris presented with weight loss and back pain. Imaging showed a mass compressing the bile duct. Diagnosis:  During a planned Whipple procedure , metastasis was found on the abdominal wall, confirming terminal Stage 3 pancreatic cancer . Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Kyphosis:  Spinal curvature causing tension. Bradycardia:  Dangerously low heart rate. Cerumen Impaction:  Earwax buildup causing discomfort. Opioid Use Disorder:  Chronic dependence on pain medication. Episode 6 Anomalous Origin of the Coronary Artery B rooks Mosey. A cyclist collapsed in extreme heat. Diagnosis:  A coronary angiography revealed the coronary artery originated from the pulmonary artery, causing structural cardiac ischemia . Treatment:  During a hospital blackout, the team performed an off-pump modification of the trap door technique, using a heated lighter for cauterization. Thoracoabdominal Tumor Edna Hamilton. An elderly patient presented with heat-induced V-tach . Diagnosis:  A chest CT revealed a massive tumor spanning from the lung to the abdomen. Treatment:  Surgical removal required a nephrectomy, resulting in permanent dialysis. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Heat Stroke:  Dangerously high core temperature requiring cooling. Unstable Angina:  Worsening chest pain indicating poor blood flow. Dementia:  Cognitive condition leading to wandering. Episode 7 High-Risk Preterm Sextuplets I nfants A-F. Sextuplets were born at 29 weeks, requiring complex interventions. Diagnoses and Treatments: Baby C:  Diagnosed with TAPVR  via "snowman sign" on X-ray; surgically repaired. Baby D:   Tracheoesophageal Fistula  treated via thoracoscopic surgery. Baby E:  Developed heart failure; Dr. Lim diagnosed a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) , repaired with a Piccolo Occluder. Baby F:  Diagnosed with a hidden Diaphragmatic Hernia  crowding the lungs; surgically repaired. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Monochorionic-Diamniotic Twins:  Identical twins sharing a placenta. Nevus Simplex:  Birthmark noted upon delivery. Asherman’s Syndrome:  Uterine scarring affecting future fertility. Episode 8 Retained Surgical Item (Gossypiboma) N aveen Mukherjee presented with pain attributed to IVF injections. Diagnosis:  Surgery revealed a retained surgical towel  from a prior appendectomy, causing severe infection and adhesions. Treatment:  Due to irreversible necrosis, a hysterectomy  and en bloc resection were performed. Splenic Rupture with Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) Toni Rhodes suffered a splenic hemorrhage after a fall. Diagnosis:  The repair failed due to Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)  triggered by trauma. Toxicology revealed Rohypnol , indicating sexual assault. Treatment:  A transvaginal splenectomy was recommended to minimize bleeding risk. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Forehead Growths:  Cutaneous lesions treated with cosmetic excision. Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury:  Muscle movement suggesting potential recovery. Episode 9 Bulimia Nervosa with Esophageal Rupture T eddy presented with a hernia and torsades de pointes  arrhythmia. Diagnosis:  Enamel erosion and knuckle abrasions confirmed bulimia nervosa . Progression:  Purging led to a ruptured esophagus , requiring gastric transposition. Chronic Bacterial Rhinosinusitis and Intracranial Abscess Lily. A perpetual sinus infection breached the skull base. Diagnosis:  Massive brain abscess  causing herniation. Treatment:  Emergency hemicraniectomy  and debridement of the infected skull base. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Compressive Syrinx:  Fluid-filled cyst in the spinal cord. Strangulated Inguinal Hernia:  Blood flow cutoff to herniated intestine. Brain Herniation:  Brain tissue pushing through skull openings. Episode 10 Uterine Artery Rupture L ea Dilallo was diagnosed with a thinning uterine wall due to Asherman’s syndrome . Progression:  Despite reinforcement surgery, she suffered a ruptured uterine artery . Treatment:  Emergency surgery stopped the bleeding, saving both mother and baby. Recurrent Desmoid Tumors (Gardner’s Syndrome) Drew Dewitt suffered from Gardner’s syndrome  and wound dehiscence following liver surgery. Treatment:  A simultaneous small bowel transplant  and abdominal wall transplant  provided a healthy closure site. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed TPN-Associated Liver Failure:  Organ failure from long-term IV nutrition. Ventral Hernia:  Protrusion through the abdominal wall. Placental Abruption:  Separation of placenta causing hemorrhage. Episode 11 Multi-Impalement and Vascular Trauma L alo. A wood chipper accident resulted in impalement by 20 objects. Diagnosis:  A spike damaged the carotid and subclavian arteries . Treatment:  Instead of amputation, the team performed a high-risk carotid to subclavian bypass  to save the arm. Retained Bullet Fragment and Sepsis Vince. A bullet fragment migrated into the adductor magnus, causing thrombosis  and sepsis. Treatment:  Sharp dissection was performed clandestinely to remove the fragment and restore flow. Sacral and Lumbar Fractures (Canine Patient) Buddy (Dog). A dog presented with neurogenic incontinence  due to spinal fractures. Treatment:  Surgeons adapted human neurosurgical techniques, using pedicle screws and rods to stabilize the spine. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Pneumothorax:  Collapsed lung. Concussion:  Traumatic brain injury with temporary impairment. Episode 12 Invasive Hydatidiform Mole K elli. A suspected cyst was identified as an invasive hydatidiform mole  (tumor from mutated egg). Complication:  The tumor caused uterine perforation  and massive bleeding. Treatment:  A STAT laparotomy was performed to isolate the vessel and remove the tumor. Advanced Heart Failure (Uni-Heart) Bob had extensive right ventricular scarring. Treatment:  When a patch plasty failed, the team created a "uni-heart" , bypassing the right ventricle and diverting blood directly to the lungs (similar to Ebstein’s Anomaly repair). Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Tricuspid Regurgitation:  Leaky valve causing backflow. Uterine Perforation:  Breach of uterine wall causing shock. Episode 13 Naegleria fowleri (Brain-Eating Amoeba) R icky Pavlovic presented with fever and neck pain after a nasal rinse with tap water. Diagnosis:   Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis  caused by Naegleria fowleri . Treatment:  Intracerebral antibiotics, hemicraniectomy for edema, and an anterior temporal lobectomy  to stop seizures. End-Stage Cystic Fibrosis and Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion Brecka.Terminal cystic fibrosis patient required a transplant, but donor lungs had pneumonia. Treatment:  Dr. Lim used Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP)  to heal the lungs outside the body with antibiotics before transplantation. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Cerebral Edema:  Brain swelling increasing intracranial pressure. Hemochromatosis:  Iron buildup masked by blood donation. Episode 14 Moyamoya Disease N athan. A child exhibited stroke signs after a head bump. Diagnosis:  Imaging revealed Moyamoya disease , characterized by abnormal "puff of smoke" vessels. Treatment:   Double-barrel vascular bypass  and encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis to restore flow and reduce bleed risk. Constrictive Pericarditis ("Coconut Heart") Evelyn Allen had a calcified pericardium from prior radiation. Treatment:  A waffle procedure  was used to score the hardened pericardium, allowing the heart to expand without full removal. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Primary CNS Vasculitis:  Autoimmune inflammation ruled out. Cirrhosis:  Late-stage liver scarring. Episode 15 Neurocysticercosis R oland Barnes. A patient attacked by a tiger suffered seizures during recovery. Diagnosis:  Behavioral changes and EEG spikes led to neurocysticercosis  (tapeworm larvae cysts in the brain). Treatment:  Stereotactic navigation and hydrodissection extracted the cyst. Chorioamnionitis Sonja Baylor. Following PPROM , Sonja developed chorioamnionitis  (uterine infection). Outcome:  Due to the risk of multi-organ failure, the pregnancy was terminated to save the mother. Gastric Stromal Tumor Joe. Suspected inoperable leiomyosarcoma was actually a gastric stromal tumor . Treatment:  Surgical removal of the primary tumor and metastasis. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Hemopneumothorax:  Blood and air in the pleural cavity. Cardiac Contusion:  Bruising of the heart muscle. Episode 16 Arterial Occlusion vs. Traumatic Vasospasm B ob Patton. An accident victim had a radial artery bleed with no capillary refill. Diagnosis:  Dr. Murphy diagnosed irreversible arterial occlusion . Treatment:  An emergency field amputation  was performed. Pathology later confirmed the artery was blocked, validating the decision against vasospasm treatment. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Ischemia:  Lack of blood flow causing necrosis. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:  Pre-existing median nerve pressure. Episode 17 Hypothalamic Hamartoma Y ara presented with fractures and "tics" diagnosed as Tourette's. Diagnosis:  MRI revealed gelastic seizures  caused by a hypothalamic hamartoma . Treatment:  Surgical resection of the tumor stopped the seizures. L-transposition of the Great Arteries (L-TGA) Carter. A patient with dizziness had inverted ventricles ("backward heart"). Treatment:  A double switch reconstruction  redirected blood flow. A postoperative clot required a second emergency revision. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Acute Compartment Syndrome:  Pressure impeding blood flow. Heart Block:  Electrical abnormality slowing heart rate. Episode 18 Tetralogy of Fallot Harper Louise Decrane. A "long COVID" patient presented with "tet spells." Diagnosis:  Rare adult presentation of Tetralogy of Fallot . Treatment:  Full surgical repair of the four heart defects. Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Renal Artery Stenosis Daphne Garcia. "Kissing tonsils" caused severe apnea and right heart failure. Progression:  Pulmonary pressure caused renal artery stenosis . Treatment:  A renal artery bypass  anchored to the aorta restored kidney function. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Long COVID:  Persistent symptoms after infection. Recurrent Glioma:  Investigated in Dr. Glassman due to surgical errors. Episode 19 Turner Syndrome and Coarctation of the Aorta E den. An infant presented in heart failure with Turner syndrome . Diagnosis:  Critical coarctation of the aorta . Treatment:  Resection of the narrowed segment. Post-operative lymph fluid buildup was managed with a chest tube. Traumatic Hemipelvectomy Brady Sullivan. An oil rig worker was nearly cut in half, separating his pelvis from his spine. Treatment:  A complex reattachment involved a lung lobectomy and Dacron conduits  to bypass arterial injuries, utilizing internal vacuum suction to manage blood flow. Radiation Necrosis Dr. Aaron Glassman. A brain lesion resembled recurrent glioblastoma. Diagnosis:  CSF analysis confirmed radiation necrosis  (scar tissue), not cancer. However, executive function deficits persisted. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Sepsis:  Systemic reaction to infection. Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib):  Disordered electrical activity. Episode 20 Brain Damage from Mini-Stroke D r. Aaron Glassman exhibited memory lapses and executive dysfunction. Diagnosis:  Permanent brain damage caused by a mini-stroke , exacerbated by prior radiation. Outcome:  He could no longer safely perform surgery. Multiple Cerebral Aneurysms Ricky. A baseball player had a dilated pupil. Diagnosis:  Three cerebral aneurysms . Treatment:  During a rupture, Dr. Glassman induced cardiac arrest with adenosine to stop blood flow and clip the aneurysms. Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis with Duodenal Tumor Eddie Richter. A patient with tree-like warts had a duodenal tumor . Treatment:  An emergency Whipple procedure  excised the tumor, but the patient died from a clot due to his underlying condition. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Subarachnoid Hemorrhage:  Stroke caused by bleeding around the brain. Anisocoria:  Unequal pupil sizes indicating distress. Episode 21 Malignant Hemangiopericytoma K urt. A patient showed a drastic personality shift from difficult to kind. Diagnosis:  A malignant hemangiopericytoma  compressing frontal lobes. Treatment:  A bicoronal subfrontal craniotomy  removed the tumor. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Pilocytic Astrocytoma:  Tumor compressing the brain stem. Frontal AVM:  Abnormal blood vessel tangle. Episode 22 Internal Decapitation M r. Ermey. A collision caused internal decapitation  (severed ligaments between skull and spine). Treatment:   Occipitocervical fusion  using plates, screws, and cables. Aortic Dissection Kenny. Crash victim developed pulse disparity. Diagnosis:   Aortic dissection  that ruptured despite graft attempts. Fractured Pancreas and Hypertensive Crisis Dr. Danny Perez suffered a fractured pancreas  in the crash. Complication:  Pain triggered a hypertensive crisis . Fentanyl was administered despite his recovery status to prevent a stroke. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Hemopericardium:  Blood leaking into the pericardial sac. Stalled Labor:  Lea required vacuum-assisted delivery. 🔖 Key Takeaways 🗝️ Trauma Management:  The season bookended with mass casualty events, highlighting interventions for internal decapitation, traumatic amputations, and complex impalements. 🗝️ Surgical Innovation:  High-risk procedures included xenotransplantation, Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion, and the creation of a "uni-heart." 🗝️ Neurological Decline:  Dr. Glassman’s arc explored the nuances of radiation necrosis versus stroke-induced brain damage and the impact on executive function. 🗝️ Rare Genetic Conditions:  Cases involving Turner Syndrome, Moyamoya Disease, and Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis showcased the team's diagnostic range. 🗝️ Obstetrics:  High-risk pregnancies and congenital fetal anomalies (TAPVR, CHAOS) were a central focus, culminating in the birth of Dr. Murphy's son. Keywords: Medical Diagnoses The Good Doctor Season 6 Medical Diagnoses The Good Doctor Season 6

Image credit: Wallpapers.com . Fair use. S eason 5 of The Good Doctor  ups the ante with a blend of complex medical mysteries and deeply personal health battles. From the deceptive presentation of a Scleroderma patient testing the hospital's competence to the heart-wrenching reality of a young boy’s brain tumor, the season explores the cutting edge of medicine. The surgical team navigates everything from rare congenital defects to the unintended consequences of high-risk procedures. Below is a comprehensive review of the specific medical diagnoses and treatments featured throughout Season 5. Content ⁉️ 1️⃣ Episode 1 2️⃣ Episode 2 3️⃣ Episode 3 4️⃣ Episode 4 5️⃣ Episode 5 6️⃣ Episode 6 7️⃣ Episode 7 8️⃣ Episode 8 9️⃣ Episode 9 🔟 Episode 10 1️⃣1️⃣ Episode 11 1️⃣2️⃣ Episode 12 1️⃣3️⃣ Episode 13 1️⃣4️⃣ Episode 14 1️⃣5️⃣ Episode 15 1️⃣6️⃣ Episode 16 1️⃣7️⃣ Episode 17 1️⃣8️⃣ Episode 18 🔖 Key Takeaways Episode 1 Scleroderma S alen Morrison presented with a confusing array of symptoms: shortness of breath, blurred vision, headaches, foamy urine, and swollen ankles. Initial imaging suggested kidney stones  or renal-cell carcinoma . However, her erratic behavior and refusal to follow instructions hindered diagnosis. Diagnosis:  The team discovered Salen was sabotaging her own care. She doubled her Ritalin  dosage to cause heart irregularities and used makeup to hide Raynaud's syndrome  on her fingers. The final diagnosis was Scleroderma , a condition she had known about for years. Her deception was a test of the doctors' competence as she prepared to buy the hospital. Advanced Cervical Cancer and Tracheal Tumor Sarah (Mother), Riley and Jackson (Sons). During a tonsillectomy for Riley, surgeons found a cancerous mass likely inhaled during birth. This prompted screening for the whole family. Diagnosis:  Sarah was diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer  due to missed screenings. Her other son, Jackson, had a tumor in his trachea . Treatment:  Sarah underwent a radical hysterectomy , using a technique to preserve blood supply and prevent incontinence. Jackson was treated with an endoscopic mucosal tracheal resection  for faster recovery. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Kidney Stones:  Suspected cause for foamy urine. ADHD:  Reason for Ritalin use. Tonsillar Infection:  Initial suspicion for throat mass. Lymph Node Metastasis:  Potential cancer spread requiring chemotherapy. Infectious Abscess:  Potential cause for kidney lesions. Polycystic Kidney Disease:  Proposed diagnosis for systemic symptoms. Episode 2 Stage IV Malignant Melanoma M adeline. A track athlete collapsed with dizziness and nausea, initially attributed to heat exhaustion. Her condition rapidly worsened to hypoxia . Diagnosis:  Imaging revealed a malignant lung lesion and spread to lymph nodes. Biopsy confirmed Stage IV Malignant Melanoma . Treatment:  Despite a grim prognosis, Dr. Rendón Osma proposed experimental Engineered T Cell therapy . Following tumor removal, the treatment showed promising results. Methylmalonic Acidemia Meggie. Newborn Meggie exhibited hypotonia  and poor nutrition, leading to cyanosis. Her mother, serving time for poisoning her first child, was suspected of poisoning Meggie with antifreeze. Diagnosis:  Dr. Murphy identified the toxin as propionic acid , naturally produced due to methylmalonic acidemia , a genetic metabolic disorder triggered by proteins in breast milk. Outcome:  The diagnosis proved the mother’s innocence and allowed for correct metabolic treatment. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Placenta Previa:  Placenta covering the cervix. Fetal Brachycardia:  Slow fetal heart rate. Postpartum Depression:  Mood disorder after childbirth. Gastritis:  Stomach inflammation. Heat Exhaustion:  Overheating causing dizziness. Ethylene Glycol Poisoning:  Antifreeze poisoning mimicking metabolic issues. Uterine Atony:  Uterus failing to contract post-birth. Episode 3 Severe Craniofacial Trauma B ob. A cyclist suffered severe craniofacial trauma  after crashing face-first into concrete. Injuries included multiple fractures and an orbital blowout. Treatment:  Complications included hemorrhagic shock  and infection. Surgeons created an osteomyocutaneous flap  to fixate the midface and mandible, restoring vision and eating function. Refractory Epilepsy Jenna’s experimental implant for seizures lost software support. Diagnosis:  Turning off the device revealed four distinct epileptogenic zones . Treatment:  The team used motor mapping  and intraoperative ECoG  to guide the resection of seizure foci. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):  Neurodevelopmental condition affecting sensory processing. ACL Injury:  Orthopedic condition requiring repair. Gastrointestinal Distress:  Physical pain and bloating. Acute Diarrhea:  Severe reaction to dietary triggers. Septic Shock:  High risk from untreated infection. ADHD:  Neurodivergent diagnosis providing unique perspectives. Episode 4 Visceral Myopathy H olly suffered years of vomiting and hematochezia. Her father suspected visceral myopathy , which was confirmed after a bowel obstruction occurred. Treatment:  Initial treatment with Rituximab failed, causing perforation. Dr. Murphy devised a plan using a PC tube  as a pressure valve combined with medication to manually increase intestinal motility. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Gina presented with shortness of breath and a non-functional left lung. Diagnosis:   Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis  led to severe scarring and respiratory failure. Treatment:  After a cadaver lung was rejected due to a lesion, her son donated a lobe of his lung for a rare living donor transplant . Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Inflammatory Bowel Disease:  Chronic digestive inflammation. Scleroderma:  Autoimmune disorder causing systemic issues. Cancerous Lesion:  Malignancy in donor organ. Severe Pulmonary Hypertension:  High blood pressure in lung arteries. Florid Respiratory Failure:  Life-threatening drop in oxygen. Bowel Perforation:  Hole in the intestinal wall. Episode 5 Fibromuscular Dysplasia R osa Castillo was admitted for acute kidney failure  after a stent failed. Diagnosis:  Surgeons found aneurysms throughout her major vessels, diagnosing Fibromuscular Dysplasia . Treatment:  Doctors bypassed her renal artery using her own vein and planned future repairs for remaining aneurysms. High-Grade Brain Tumor While treating a jaw fracture, Mr. Song developed Cushing’s Triad , indicating brain pressure. Diagnosis:  A necrotic brain tumor  was invading the motor strip. Treatment:  The patient fell into a coma due to herniation. Surgeons used 5-ALA , a fluorescent agent, to resect 98% of the tumor while sparing healthy tissue. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Fungal Infection:  Persistent infection. Renal Artery Stenosis:  Narrowing of kidney arteries. Parasymphyseal Fracture:  Jawbone break. Sublingual Hematoma:  Blood collection under the tongue. Bradycardia and Hypotension:  Slow heart rate and low blood pressure. Brain Herniation:  Displacement of brain tissue due to pressure. Sociopathy:  Personality disorder mentioned as a diagnosis. Episode 6 Internal Carotid Artery Dissection B randon. A fall led to massive trauma and internal bleeding . Diagnosis:  While in a coma, Dr. Murphy found a tiny tear in the internal carotid artery  causing a clot. Treatment:  A heparin drip was used despite bleeding risks. Ultimately, the patient progressed to brain death, but a valve repair allowed him to become an organ donor . Optic Nerve Tumor Nira. Routine screening revealed visual deficits. Diagnosis:   Optic nerve tumor . Treatment:  Surgery saved her life but resulted in the preservation of only 50% of her vision after cost concerns ruled out proton beam therapy. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Bilateral Tibia-Fibula Fractures:  Leg bone breaks. Respiratory Failure:  System inability to provide oxygen. Brain Contusions:  Bruising of brain tissue. Ruptured Vena Cava:  Tear in the primary vein requiring clamping. Multi-Organ Failure:  Dysfunction of vital systems. Heart Valve Thrombosis:  Clots on heart valves. Episode 7 Malignant Carcinoma (Invasive Neck Lesion) S unil presented with symptoms suggesting Lewy Body Dementia. Diagnosis:  Imaging revealed an ectopic parathyroid lesion  which was actually a malignant carcinoma  invading the carotid sheath. Treatment:  Dr. Glassman performed a resection using a shunt bypass  to maintain blood flow to the brain during tumor removal. Congenital Heart Defect (Closing PDA) Newborn (Alma's Baby). Following a car accident and emergency C-section, the newborn was hypoxic. Diagnosis:  The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)  was closing prematurely. Outcome:  The hospital's supply of PGE (Alprostadil)  was expired, and the baby could not be resuscitated. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Fractured Digits:  Broken fingers. Cardiac Tamponade:  Fluid pressure on the heart. Lewy Body Dementia:  Progressive condition ruled out. Blunt Chest Trauma:  Non-penetrating thoracic injury. Placental Abruption:  Premature placenta separation. Episode 8 Fat Embolism Syndrome U nnamed Female. A patient presented with abscesses after a "Brazilian Butt Lift." Diagnosis:  She developed Fat Embolism Syndrome , where injected fat entered the bloodstream. Treatment:  A mechanical thrombectomy  removed clots from the heart and brain, alongside debridement of the abscesses. Open Comminuted Tib/Fib Fracture Phil Hall. A drunk driver suffered a severe leg fracture with bone loss. Treatment:  Surgeons performed a prophylactic fasciotomy  to prevent compartment syndrome and stabilized the leg with an external fixator . Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Congenital Cardiac Condition:  Heart defect in a newborn. Acute Alcohol Intoxication:  Elevated blood alcohol in trauma. Compartment Syndrome:  Pressure buildup threatening limb viability. Venous Air Embolism:  Air in the bloodstream. Episode 9 Pancreatic Tumor and Kabuki Syndrome C ody had Kabuki Syndrome . A panic attack led to a ruptured aortic aneurysm . Diagnosis:  Chronic weakness was traced to a benign pancreatic tumor  causing hypoglycemia. Treatment:  Removal of the tumor stabilized his glucose levels, allowing him to walk. Traumatic Tracheal Damage Nelly required a trachea transplant  to restore her voice. Complication:   Carotid artery stenosis  threatened graft survival. Treatment:  Bone marrow stem cells were used to prevent rejection. Despite a massive hemorrhage, her clotting factors saved her, and the transplant succeeded. Ossified Ligament of the Cervical Cord Joe reported no pain after a fracture, indicating nerve damage. Diagnosis:  An ossified ligament  compressed his cervical cord. Treatment:  Surgery to remove the ligament caused unavoidable cord damage, leaving him a paraplegic. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Chronic Hypoglycemia:  Low blood sugar causing fatigue. Diplopia:  Double vision. Pituitary Tumor:  Growth on the pituitary gland. Adverse Reaction to Immunosuppressants:  Systemic response to meds. Episode 10 Liver Cancer with Paraneoplastic Syndrome R yan. A transplant recipient suffered seizures and fainting. Diagnosis:  Metastatic liver cancer  from the donor organ caused paraneoplastic syndrome . Treatment:  Palliative resection and chemo-embolization extended his life. Bladder Sarcoma in Pregnancy Grace. A surrogate presented with a bladder sarcoma . Treatment:  To save the pregnancy, surgeons performed an experimental cystoscopic surgery . When bleeding occurred, they used a specialized suture technique to remove the tumor from the uterine wall without a hysterectomy. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Tracheal Transplant:  Replacement of damaged airway. Encephalitis:  Brain inflammation ruled out. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV):  Potential cause for brain symptoms. Subserosal Fibroids:  Growths on the uterus. Episode 11 Pulmonary Artery Pseudo-aneurysm I sla Liu. A trauma victim developed a pseudo-aneurysm  in her pulmonary artery. Treatment:  After embolization failed, Dr. Murphy performed an emergency stat thoracotomy  to clamp the artery. Multi-System Trauma (Liu Family) Elaine and Bryan Liu. Elaine suffered an SSS tear  in her brain and aortic valve damage. Bryan had a ruptured spleen . Treatment:  Elaine required a dural flap, aortic pump, and tracheal reconstruction. Bryan underwent a below-knee amputation but had his arm saved via vascular reconstruction . Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Subdural Hematoma:  Bleeding around the brain. Bowel Obstruction:  Blockage of intestines. Hand Ischemia:  Lack of blood supply to hand. Brain Fluid Accumulation:  Hydrocephalus requiring a shunt. Critical Bradycardia:  Dangerously slow heart rate. Episode 12 Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis) M ariel Torres presented with lung nodules initially suspected as cancer. Diagnosis:  Biopsy revealed Valley Fever , a fungal infection. Rupture spread the fungus, causing a collapsed lung. Treatment:  Amphotericin B and surgical removal of the nodule cured the infection. Grade IV Ruptured Hemorrhoids Brenna suffered from severe ruptured hemorrhoids . Treatment:  Surgical removal was successful. She later experienced vaginismus , which was explained as a muscle spasm. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Lung Cancer:  Ruled out after biopsy. Pneumothorax:  Collapsed lung. Renal Impairment:  Kidney issues from systemic infection. Episode 13 Major Depressive Disorder and Chronic Pain K ayla Quinn suffered from treatment-resistant depression and chronic neuropathic pain . Treatment:  An anterior cingulotomy  using a Gamma knife successfully burned lesions in the cingulate cortex to eliminate pain. Bony Marginal Erosion (Biohacking) Trent. A "biohacker" had an infected magnet implant causing bony marginal erosion . Diagnosis:  An LED implant in the other wrist caused irreversible joint damage. Treatment:  Dr. Murphy performed an experimental arthroplasty  with a custom implant to restore function. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Severe Infection:  Risk of spreading to bone. Sepsis:  Systemic risk from untreated infection. Severe Arthritis:  Consequence of implant stress. Paralysis:  Potential progression of nerve damage. Episode 14 Accidental Psilocybin Ingestion H ospital Staff. Staff experienced hallucinations and dilated pupils after a potluck. Diagnosis:   Psilocybin ingestion  from a spiked casserole. Treatment:  IV fluids and observation. Anomalous Left Coronary Artery Jake Khan. A patient admitted for toe reattachment showed cardiac anomalies. Diagnosis:  An anomalous left coronary artery  posed a risk of cardiac arrest. Treatment:  Dr. Murphy surgically relocated the artery to restore normal flow. Wandering Spleen Content Creator. Abdominal trauma caused the spleen to migrate. Diagnosis:   Wandering spleen  (Splenic Ectopia). Treatment:  Emergency surgery to fix the organ in place. Advanced Appendicitis Dr. Alex Park developed abdominal pain while intoxicated. Diagnosis:   Advanced appendicitis . Treatment:  Dr. Jordan Allen performed a laparoscopic appendectomy. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Traumatic Amputation:  Loss of big toe. Depressed Skull Fracture:  Bone fragments pushed into brain. Rectal Foreign Body:  Object lodged in rectum. Hypertensive Crisis:  Critically high blood pressure. Episode 15 Aortic Valve Stenosis and Bronchial Rupture J oan. A polio survivor in an iron lung  had aortic valve stenosis . Treatment:  Valve replacement was successful, but the iron lung failed. A bronchial rupture  occurred on a ventilator. Surgeons used kyphoplasties  to stabilize her spine for a biphasic cuirass ventilator . Periorbital Fractures (Dyslexia) Kevin presented with facial fractures from "falling." Diagnosis:  Injuries were from abuse due to struggles with dyslexia . Treatment:  Reconstructive surgery and social advocacy for a new foster placement. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Sleep Stage Impairment:  Disrupted REM sleep. Pneumothorax:  Punctured lung from rib fracture. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):  Sensory processing challenges. Terminal Respiratory Failure:  End-stage lung decline. Episode 16 Third-Degree Burns D ana Bradley. Initially diagnosed with second-degree burns, grafts failed due to necrosis. Diagnosis:   Third-degree burns  were confirmed by lack of reaction to pressure. Treatment:  Deeper debridement and a free tissue flap reconstruction  were successful. Unstable Lumbar Fracture Grant Ferlin. A firefighter suffered an intraperitoneal hemorrhage  and unstable lumbar fracture . Treatment:  During cage placement, a vessel tore. Surgeons performed a long segment fusion  to save his life, ending his career. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Ventricular Tachycardia:  Heart arrhythmia during surgery. Hypothermia:  Low body temperature requiring rewarming. Sepsis:  Risk from necrotic burn tissue. Compartment Syndrome:  Pressure compromising circulation. Episode 17 Multiple Angiomyolipomas L ucho had tumors in his kidneys, heart, and brain. The brain tumor caused seizures by obstructing CSF. Diagnosis:   Angiomyolipomas . Treatment:  Renal tumors were removed first. A cerebral ventricular thrombus  blocked access to the brain tumor. Dr. Murphy used photothermic laser light therapy  to break the clot, allowing for successful tumor removal. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Ventricular Tachycardia:  Rapid heart rhythm. Cerebral Edema:  Brain swelling. Brain Herniation:  Displacement of brain tissue. Renal Vein Hemorrhage:  Bleeding during kidney surgery. Episode 18 Stage IV Lung Cancer with Malignant Pleural Effusion Yosel Wolke. Dr. Wolke's father had Stage IV lung cancer  invading the chest wall, causing a malignant pleural effusion . Treatment:  An embolization stopped bleeding. Talc was injected to scar the pleural cavity and stop fluid leakage, followed by immunotherapy. Chronic Post-Stroke Paralysis Steph Lewis. A stroke survivor suffered from recurrent pneumonia and lung compression from scar tissue. Treatment:   Decortication  expanded the lung but caused loss of finger movement. An electrode array  was implanted to decode brainwaves into speech using AI. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Brainstem Stroke:  Cause of paralysis. Pulmonary Scar Tissue:  Restriction of lung expansion. Hemothorax:  Internal bleeding into chest. Hypotension-Induced Neurological Injury:  Loss of motor function. 🔖 Key Takeaways 🗝️ Surgical Innovation:  Season 5 featured groundbreaking procedures, including engineered T-cell therapy for melanoma and AI-assisted speech restoration for a stroke victim. 🗝️ Diagnostic Challenges:  The team faced deceptive patients (Scleroderma), masked conditions (Methylmalonic Acidemia), and rare infections like Valley Fever. 🗝️ Complex Trauma:  Multiple episodes dealt with severe trauma, from craniofacial reconstruction to multi-organ failure in accident victims. 🗝️ Medical Ethics:  The season navigated difficult ethical waters, such as the allocation of expired medication for a newborn and the balance between life-saving surgery and quality of life. 🗝️ Personal Health:  The staff's own families were involved, with cases affecting Dr. Wolke's father and Dr. Park's son, highlighting the emotional weight of medical decisions. Keywords: Medical Diagnoses The Good Doctor Season 5 Medical Diagnoses The Good Doctor Season 5

A sweeping health alert has been issued for consumers in Minnesota and surrounding areas following a massive recall by Gold Star Distribution Inc. The wholesale distributor has pulled nearly 2,000 FDA-regulated products from shelves after federal inspectors discovered "insanitary conditions" at the company's facility, including severe pest infestations. The recall, initiated on December 26, 2025, was triggered after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identified the presence of rodent feces, urine, and bird droppings in areas where products were stored. While the manufacturers of these goods have not issued recalls themselves, the contamination occurred at the distribution level, meaning products stored at the Minneapolis facility may have been exposed to airborne particulates from animal waste or contaminated surfaces. The scope of the recall is extensive, covering human foods, pet foods, cosmetics, medical devices, and over-the-counter medications distributed between August 1 and November 24. Affected major brands include household names such as Tylenol, Advil, Pepsi, and Purina, along with various candies like Haribo and Snickers. Health officials warn that contact with or consumption of these contaminated goods could pose serious risks, specifically exposure to Salmonella  and Leptospirosis. While Salmonella  can cause fatal infections in vulnerable populations such as infants and the elderly, no illnesses related to this outbreak have been reported to date. The recalled items were shipped to approximately 54 retailers, primarily Halal markets and international grocery stores in the Twin Cities area, including Minneapolis, St. Paul, and surrounding suburbs. A full list of affected retailers is available through the FDA, but consumers should note that the recall does not apply to frozen or refrigerated items shipped directly by manufacturers. Authorities are urging customers not to return the products to stores. Instead, consumers should destroy the affected items immediately and contact Gold Star Distribution at 612-617-9800 or via mail for a refund. Proof of destruction is required for reimbursement. 🔖 Sources Tylenol, Advil, Purina, Haribo face urgent FDA recall Gold Star Distribution Inc., Issues Recall of Certain FDA-Regulated Products in Three States Including Drugs, Devices, Cosmetics, Human Foods, and Pet Foods Nearly 2,000 products recalled by Minneapolis distributor over rodent feces, urine contamination concerns Keywords: Insanitary Conditions at Gold Star Distribution Insanitary Conditions at Gold Star Distribution

A s 2026 kicks off, Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE) finds itself at a critical crossroads. Trading just under $25 per share, the pharmaceutical giant is arguably cheap, boasting a valuation of roughly 8.5 times forward earnings,. However, this discounted price reflects a company in the midst of a volatile transition—a period analysts are calling a "reset year". For income investors, the immediate focus remains the dividend. Pfizer currently offers a substantial yield of nearly 6.9%. While the payout ratio based on earnings is an alarming 99.4%, the cash-flow-based ratio is a more manageable 93.3%, suggesting the dividend is safe from a cut this year. However, for the first time since 2009, the quarterly dividend remains flat at $0.43 per share rather than seeing an increase, signaling a tighten-your-belts approach to capital allocation. The reason for this caution is a "revenue pincer movement" squeezing the company from both sides. Pfizer faces a projected revenue gap of over $20 billion due to the collapse of COVID-19 product sales and a looming "patent cliff" where blockbusters like Eliquis and Xeljanz lose exclusivity. To bridge this gap, management is playing offense. Pfizer has launched an aggressive pivot into the high-growth obesity market, highlighted by a $10 billion acquisition of Metsera. This move aims to build a portfolio of injectable and oral weight-loss drugs to rival industry leaders. Despite these bold moves, the payoff will require patience. Heavy R&D spending—projected between $10.5 and $11.5 billion for 2026—combined with dilution from acquisitions means earnings will remain under pressure. Management has indicated that a full return to growth may not materialize until the 2029–2030 timeframe. In short, Pfizer’s 2026 reset offers a secure, albeit stagnant, income stream for now, but its long-term success depends entirely on whether its expensive bet on obesity treatments can offset the losses from its aging legacy drugs. 🔖 Sources Should You Buy Pfizer While It's Under $30? How Safe Is Pfizer's Dividend As 2026 Begins? Pfizer 2026: The Reset Year Keywords: Pfizer Reset Year Pfizer Reset Year

N ovo Nordisk officially launched the pill version of its blockbuster weight-loss drug, Wegovy, in the United States on Monday, marking a significant shift in obesity treatment. As the first oral GLP-1 medication approved by the FDA for weight loss, the daily pill offers a needle-free alternative to the popular weekly injections that have dominated the market in recent years. The launch follows a pricing agreement between Novo Nordisk and the Trump administration aimed at increasing affordability,. For patients paying out of pocket, the 1.5 mg starter dose is priced at $149 per month. However, as patients titrate up to higher maintenance doses, the monthly cash price rises to $299. For those with commercial insurance coverage, the cost could drop as low as $25 a month through savings programs. The medication is now stocked at major pharmacy chains such as CVS and Costco, as well as through select telehealth providers like Ro and Weight Watchers. Novo Nordisk hopes this broader availability will improve access for the estimated 98% of Americans with obesity who are not currently receiving prescription treatment. Clinical trials indicate the oral formulation is highly effective. In studies, the Wegovy pill demonstrated an average weight loss of roughly 14% over 64 weeks, compared to roughly 17% for patients who strictly adhered to the treatment regimen,. Like the injectable version, the pill is also approved to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke. However, the pill comes with strict administration guidelines. To ensure proper absorption, patients must take the tablet on an empty stomach with a small sip of water and wait at least 30 minutes before eating, drinking, or taking other medications. The arrival of the Wegovy pill gives Novo Nordisk a temporary head start in the oral market, but competition is looming. Rival manufacturer Eli Lilly is currently seeking FDA approval for its own oral obesity candidate, orforglipron, which could be approved by the summer,. Unlike Wegovy, Lilly’s pill does not require food or water restrictions. As the market expands, patients now have more choices than ever to manage obesity, moving beyond injections to daily oral options. 🔖 Sources   Starter dose of Wegovy now available as a daily pill instead of weekly injection Novo's Wegovy pill makes US debut, with starter dose launching at $149 per month for cash-paying patients Wegovy obesity pill now available at pharmacies Keywords: Wegovy Pill for Weight Loss Wegovy Pill for Weight Loss

Image credit: Prime Video. Fair use. S eason 4 of The Good Doctor  marks a significant shift in the medical landscape of St. Bonaventure Hospital. The season opens by confronting the global COVID-19 pandemic head-on, showcasing the evolution of treatment protocols and the virus's multi-systemic impact. As the season progresses, the focus returns to complex surgical anomalies, highlighting everything from rare genetic syndromes to high-stakes field medicine. Below is a comprehensive review of the specific medical diagnoses and treatments featured throughout Season 4. Content ⁉️ 1️⃣ Episode 1 2️⃣ Episode 2 3️⃣ Episode 3 4️⃣ Episode 4 5️⃣ Episode 5 6️⃣ Episode 6 7️⃣ Episode 7 8️⃣ Episode 8 9️⃣ Episode 9 🔟 Episode 10 1️⃣1️⃣ Episode 11 1️⃣2️⃣ Episode 12 1️⃣3️⃣ Episode 13 1️⃣4️⃣ Episode 14 1️⃣5️⃣ Episode 15 1️⃣6️⃣ Episode 16 1️⃣7️⃣ Episode 17 1️⃣8️⃣ Episode 18 1️⃣9️⃣ Episode 19 2️⃣0️⃣ Episode 20 🔖 Key Takeaways Episode 1 COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and Multi-Systemic Complications M ildred initially presented with flu-like symptoms—sore throat, body aches, and cough—and was discharged with a diagnosis of the "flu." She returned rapidly deteriorating with critically low oxygen levels. Diagnosis:  Chest X-rays revealed ground glass opacities , a hallmark of COVID-19 . Treatment:  Her condition progressed to cardiogenic shock, requiring ECMO  (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) to support her heart and lungs, alongside dexamethasone  and steroids. Martin presented with high fever and oxygen saturation of 74%. Diagnosis:  His COVID-19 was complicated by bacterial pneumonia  and a bacterial abscess  on his mitral heart valve. Treatment:  Treatment involved lung suctioning, proning, and a primary repair of the heart valve. Ambar, a pregnant patient whose acidosis worsened, maxing out ventilator pressure. Treatment:  To save both mother and child, the team utilized the CHILL study  protocol, paralyzing her muscles and lowering her body temperature to reduce oxygen demand. Walter presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea, mimicking diverticulitis. Diagnosis:  An abdominal CT revealed lung damage, confirming COVID-19  despite the lack of respiratory symptoms. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Influenza (Flu):  Viral infection often presenting with fever and aches. Breast Mass:  Condition requiring elective lumpectomy, postponed due to the pandemic. Asthma:  Pre-existing respiratory condition increasing COVID-19 risk. Heart Murmur:  Clinical sign signaling valve issues or abscesses. Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach):  Life-threatening rapid heart rate. Cytokine Storm:  Severe immune system overreaction. Episode 2 COVID-19 Complicated by Posterior Tibial Artery Thrombosis M artin. Following exposure to the virus, Martin required a ventilator. Dr. Andrews attempted a suspended animation approach, cooling the body to 34 degrees Celsius to aid lung healing. Progression and Diagnosis:  A drop in end-tidal CO2 suggested a blood clot in the lung , leading to a heparin drip. However, Martin developed Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) . The final diagnosis was a posterior tibial artery thrombosis  causing ischemia in his lower extremity. Treatment:  To prevent fatal internal bleeding or stroke while stopping tissue death, the team performed an amputation  of the foot and ankle. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT):  Immune complication causing low platelets and clotting risk. Stroke:  Risk factor associated with suspending anticoagulation therapy. Sepsis:  Systemic response to infection leading to organ failure. Ischemia:  Restriction of blood supply leading to tissue death. Episode 3 Cardiac Tumor requiring Autotransplantation A firefighter presented with dizziness initially attributed to caffeine. Imaging revealed a large tumor on the posterior heart wall, inaccessible via thoracotomy. Treatment:  The team performed a cardiac autotransplantation , removing the heart completely to excise the tumor. They reconstructed the atrial walls using porcine bladder tissue  before reimplantation. Tuberous Breast Deformity and Artery of Percheron Infarction A 17-year-old underwent correction for tuberous breast deformity  using implants. Progression:  Post-operatively, she lapsed into a coma. A scan revealed an Artery of Percheron infarction —a rare clot affecting the brain's consciousness center. Treatment:  An emergency stent retrieval  removed the clot, leading to a full recovery. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Obesity and Diabetes:  Chronic conditions managed in internal medicine. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury:  Tear of the knee ligament. Tumor Angiogenesis:  Process of a tumor creating its own blood supply. Rheumatic Fever:  Inflammatory disease potentially damaging the heart. Cerebral Embolism:  Clots traveling to the brain causing neurological damage. Episode 4 Rh-Incompatibility and Delayed Interval Delivery P regnant with twins, Kenzie was misdiagnosed with preeclampsia. The true diagnosis was Rh-incompatibility , where her body attacked the Rh-positive fetus. Treatment:  After the amniotic sac of the stronger twin ruptured, the team performed a delayed interval delivery . They delivered the first twin but used medication to stop contractions, keeping the weaker twin in utero for lung maturation. Amelanotic Melanoma Billy. A biopsy of a suspected ingrown hair revealed amelanotic melanoma , which had metastasized to the liver. Treatment:  Treatment was complicated by anaphylactic shock  from dye and a bile duct leak , leading to severe infection. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Cutaneous Pili Migrans:  Rare condition of a migrating hair shaft. Creeping Eruption:  Parasitic disease causing skin lesions. Persistent Left-Sided Superior Vena Cava:  Congenital heart anomaly. Cardiac Tamponade:  Fluid buildup preventing effective heart pumping. Peritonitis:  Dangerous infection of the abdominal lining. Episode 5 Dermoid Cyst with Associated Retrograde Memory Loss E llie presented with symptoms mimicking migraines. Neurological exams revealed a dermoid cyst  near the hippocampus containing fat, hair, and teeth. Treatment:  The cyst leaked, causing seizures. Surgeons performed a craniotomy  for removal. The procedure was successful but resulted in retrograde memory loss . Ruptured Suprarenal Aortic Aneurysm Carl presented with back pain, initially suspected as a fracture. He suffered a ruptured suprarenal aortic aneurysm . Treatment:  During emergency repair, a secondary aneurysm formed, causing liver failure. A complex Y-shaped vein graft was attempted, but the patient developed Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)  and passed away. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Positive Babinski Sign:  Indicator of CNS involvement. Osteomyelitis:  Bone infection. L2 Compression Fracture:  Vertebral wedging causing neural impingement. Asystole:  Cessation of electrical heart activity. Episode 6 Prinzmetal's Angina R ose Babcock, claiming to be an "empath," presented with hypertension and tachycardia. Diagnosis:  After suffering a cardiac arrest, she was diagnosed with Prinzmetal's Angina , a condition involving heart vasospasms triggered by stress—in her case, the emotional distress of others. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) Ben Harris, a veteran with shrapnel injuries and PTSD developed Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) , causing debilitating arm pain. Treatment:  Surgeons performed an amygdala ablation  using a thermal laser to dampen his fear response and alleviate pain. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Flail Chest:  Rib cage segment breaking under stress. Hemoperitoneum:  Blood accumulation in the abdomen. Grade-Three Liver Laceration:  Significant tear in liver tissue. Congenital IgA Deficiency:  Immune disorder increasing infection risk. Episode 7 CRISPR-Induced Amyloidosis Mimicry W yatt presented with frostbite and a perforated bowel. He admitted to self-administering CRISPR  cocktails to stop aging. Diagnosis:  The genetic tampering caused a condition mimicking amyloidosis , where deposits attacked his nerves and spleen. Treatment:  An experimental procedure using CRISPR via a modified herpes virus was proposed to reverse the modification. Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) Hannah Palmer presented with a hematoma and a deviated trachea caused by a tumor. Diagnosis:  Due to a history of recurring cancers and toxin exposure, she was diagnosed with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) , a genetic predisposition to tumors. Treatment:   Thyroidectomy  followed by radioactive iodine therapy. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Melanoma:  Skin cancer requiring surveillance. Autoimmune Polyneuropathy:  Immune system attacking nerves. Carcinomatous Autonomic Neuropathy:  Nerve damage affecting involuntary functions. Parkinson’s Disease:  Progressive nervous system disorder. Episode 8 Boerhaave Syndrome C oach (Darya's Father). The patient collapsed after chronic heartburn. Percussion revealed fluid in the chest. Diagnosis:   Boerhaave syndrome , a spontaneous rupture of the esophagus. Treatment:  An abscess made the tissue too friable for repair, necessitating an esophageal diversion  and permanent tube feeding. Kyphoscoliosis and Torsade de Pointes Darya, a gymnast presented with an intestinal fiber blockage. Diagnosis:  She had the bone density of an 80-year-old ( kyphoscoliosis ) due to malnutrition. Supplements triggered Torsade de Pointes  (cardiac arrhythmia). Treatment:  Endoscopic clearance of blockage, heart stabilization, and spinal fusion . Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Intestinal Fiber Blockage:  Obstruction from indigestible material. Nutritional Deficiencies:  Low calcium from restricted diets. Esophageal Abscess:  Infected fluid collection following rupture. Episode 9 Hormone-Producing Prolactinoma and Pregnancy R io Gutierrez, a transgender man, presented with a pituitary mass. Missing testosterone shots led to pregnancy, which fueled the tumor's growth. Diagnosis:   Prolactinoma  impinging on optic fibers. Treatment:  An open pterional craniotomy  was performed to resect the tumor while preserving the pregnancy. Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) Zara Norton presented in hypertensive crisis. Mismanagement led to cardiogenic shock. Diagnosis:   Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) , where the heart septum is abnormally thick. Treatment:  An open myectomy  was performed. Complications led to a third-degree heart block , requiring a dual-chamber pacemaker. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Cardiogenic Shock:  Critical decline in cardiac output. Myocardial Edema:  Fluid accumulation in heart muscle. Gender Dysphoria:  Distress regarding gender identity. Air Embolism:  Air bubbles blocking blood flow. Episode 10 End-Stage Liver Disease J amie, a patient with Down Syndrome, had autoimmune hepatitis  progressing to end-stage liver disease. Treatment:  A multi-organ donor chain  was organized to facilitate a life-saving transplant. Pulmonary Fungal Infection (Fungal Lobar Bleed) Cort Graham, an athlete presented with lung fluid, initially suspected to be recurrent sarcoma. Diagnosis:  A fungal infection  causing a lobar bleed. He admitted to faking a history of chemotherapy (Bleomycin). Treatment:  Since his lungs were not scarred by chemo, a lobectomy  was successfully performed. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Sarcoma:  Malignant tumor. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease:  Fat accumulation in the liver. Kidney Failure:  Condition affecting donors in the organ chain. Episode 11 Ankylosing Spondylitis and Chest Cavity Restriction J effrey Williams suffered from ankylosing spondylitis , fusing his spine. Treatment:  Dr. Glassman performed a reconstruction. However, straightening the spine caused the chest to compress the vena cava. The team broke the sternum and used metal bars to prop the chest open, similar to pectus excavatum  treatment. Ruptured Brain Aneurysm and Paraganglioma Dannie had been in a vegetative state for 10 years. A paraganglioma  was found releasing dopamine. Progression:  During removal, the tumor ruptured, flooding her brain with dopamine and causing a temporary awakening. Outcome:  The tumor was malignant, and the awakening was temporary. Dannie signed a DNR and passed away. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed CSF Leak:  Spinal fluid escape requiring graft. Spinal Shock:  Temporary loss of cord function. Chest-Cavity Restriction:  Limitation in thoracic space compressing the heart. Episode 12 Trigeminal Neuralgia O scar presented with debilitating facial pain. Diagnosis:   Trigeminal neuralgia  caused by an aberrant cerebellar artery compressing the nerve. Treatment:  After a microvascular decompression failed, he underwent DREZ lesioning , severing nerve signals to the brain. Aberrant Vertebral Artery (Musician’s Dystonia) Dr. Silas Chambers, a surgeon presented with hand tremors only when his wrist was straight ( musician’s dystonia ). Diagnosis:  An aberrant vertebral artery  pressing on the spinal cord. Treatment:  A radial artery graft bypass  relocated the vessel. A clot in a sulcal artery required removal. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:  Nerve compression in the wrist. Multiple Sclerosis (MS):  CNS disease. Acoustic Neuroma:  Noncancerous tumor on the vestibular nerve. Carotid Stenosis:  Narrowing of neck arteries. Episode 13 Bernard-Soulier Syndrome M aya a dancer presented with a retroperitoneal bleed and failed to clot. Diagnosis:   Bernard-Soulier syndrome , a genetic disorder causing large platelets and bleeding. Progression:  Blood-filled pseudotumors  destroyed her femur. Treatment:  Due to platelet rejection during reconstruction, the leg was amputated  to save her life. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) Miles Browne presented with stroke-like symptoms due to terminal cancer. Diagnosis:  Surgery revealed a significant polyp burden, confirming Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) . Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Retroperitoneal Bleed:  Hemorrhage behind the abdominal cavity. Osteoarthritis:  Degenerative joint disease. Platelet Rejection:  Immune reaction to transfusion. Hypokalemia:  Low potassium levels. Episode 14 Aggressive Male Breast Cancer B radley "The Body" Vargas, an MMA fighter presented with a chest hematoma. A biopsy revealed aggressive breast cancer , obscured by pectoral implants. Treatment:  He underwent a total mastectomy  to achieve clean margins. Parkinson’s Disease Jean Starzak, a pilot admitted for hip replacement suffered blood pressure crashes. Diagnosis:  Her history of constipation and sleep issues, combined with surgical instability, led to a diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease . Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Chest Contusion:  Severe bruising. Sinus Bradycardia:  Slow heart rate. Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity:  Over-responsiveness to pressure. Addison’s Disease:  Adrenal insufficiency. Episode 15 Multiple Gunshot Wounds and Migrating Intracranial Fragment M ason, a 9-year-old with gunshot wounds arrived in PEA. Treatment:  Surgeons inflated a urinary catheter balloon  inside the right ventricle to occlude a hole in the heart. Ethan suffered a gunshot wound to the head. Diagnosis:  A focal seizure revealed a migrating bullet fragment  in the brain. Treatment:  The fragment was removed endoscopically by following a trail of heme products. Lea underwent screening for Gestational Diabetes . Outcome:  The glucose test was negative. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Right Ventricle Perforation:  Hole in the heart requiring occlusion. Liver Laceration:  Traumatic tear in the liver. Brain Herniation:  Displacement of brain tissue due to pressure. Episode 16 Type 2 Vasa Previa and Umbilical Artery Embolism L ea Dilallo presented with abdominal pain. Ultrasound revealed Type 2 vasa previa , where fetal vessels run across the cervix. Treatment:   Fetoscopic laser ablation  was performed. Outcome:  A second clot was discovered in the umbilical artery . Combined with non-responsive fetal lungs, the pregnancy became non-viable. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Round Ligament Pain:  Pregnancy-related abdominal pain. Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib):  Life-threatening heart rhythm. Obstetric Cholestasis:  Liver disorder in pregnancy. Aortic Dissection:  Tear in the aortic wall. Pulmonary Embolism:  Clot in the lungs. Episode 17 Coarctation of the Abdominal Aorta A rtie Hill presented with "cold feet" and valve failure after a bypass. Diagnosis:   Coarctation of the abdominal aorta  (congenital narrowing) had caused high blood pressure, damaging the heart. Treatment:  Open-heart surgery to replace the valve. Basilar Artery Aneurysm Senator Marian Clark suffered hemi-facial spasms . Diagnosis:  A tortuous basilar artery  was compressing the facial nerve. Treatment:  During a sling procedure, the artery dilated, requiring a high-risk basilar artery bypass . Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Gastric Reflux:  Digestive backflow. Multiple Sclerosis (MS):  CNS disease. Turner Syndrome:  Chromosomal condition. Paravalvular Leak:  Blood leaking around a prosthetic valve. Episode 18 Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) A va, a long-standing AVM  became critical during puberty. Treatment:  The mass infiltrated the lung. Surgeons removed the medial clavicle  to access and resect the lung tissue. Systemic Fungal Lesions Unnamed Male. A patient injecting homemade psilocybin  (mushroom) serum developed fungal lesions in the lungs and liver. Treatment:  Aggressive surgical excision  was required due to peritoneal scarring. Torn Posterior Tibial Artery Dr. Shaun Murphy suffered a dislocated ankle and torn posterior tibial artery  while camping. Treatment:  Lea performed emergency field surgery  using a tent repair kit and a fishhook to suture the artery. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Stroke:  Interruption of blood supply to the brain. Drug-Resistant Depression:  Condition treated with alternative therapies. Peritoneal Scarring:  Fibrous tissue preventing laparoscopic tools. Episode 19 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Paradoxical Embolism M iguel presented with thoracic outlet syndrome . A clot traveled through a hole in his heart to the brain stem. Treatment:  Lacking TPA, the team used a snake venom derivative  to break up the clot. Advanced Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Aimé Navarro Gomez, a patient in Guatemala presented with a large PDA . Outcome:  The condition had caused irreversible pulmonary hypertension. It was deemed inoperable . Ameloblastoma Bastion Alonso Ramos, a 12-year-old presented with a massive ameloblastoma  tumor thinning the orbital floor. Treatment:  A bifrontal trepanation  and skull base reconstruction were planned. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Hepatic Adenoma:  Non-cancerous liver tumor. Gallstones:  Stones blocking the bile duct. Rheumatic Heart Disease:  Valve damage from infection. Endocarditis:  Infection of the heart lining. Episode 20 Gallbladder Cancer and Post-Op Bleed E dna, a routine gallstone surgery revealed gallbladder cancer . Treatment:  Dr. Browne performed a resection. A post-operative crash was correctly diagnosed as a stomach bleed  rather than a liver bleed. Incarcerated Ischemic Ventral Hernia L eon Castillo. Non-compliance with rest led to an incarcerated ventral hernia . Treatment:  Dr. Lim performed an emergency repair with a bypass graft to restore blood flow. Bone-Invading Sinus Tumor Bastion. The tumor invaded the paranasal sinuses and facial bones. Treatment:  The team sourced titanium miniplates  from a dental surgeon to reconstruct the skull after removing facial bones. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Ulcer:  Condition requiring debridement. Common Femoral Artery Occlusion:  Blockage requiring bypass. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD):  Treated with a pharmaceutical regimen. 🔖 Key Takeaways 🗝️ Pandemic Medicine:  The season provided a stark look at the realities of COVID-19, including the use of ECMO, prone positioning, and the management of multi-systemic complications like thromboses. 🗝️ Field Trauma:  From repairing a torn artery with a fishing hook to improvised cardiac occlusions, the team demonstrated extreme resourcefulness outside the OR. 🗝️ Genetic Anomalies:  Rare conditions such as Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, and CRISPR-induced complications highlighted the intersection of genetics and surgery. 🗝️ Surgical Innovation:  The season featured high-risk procedures like cardiac autotransplantation, amygdala ablation for pain, and using snake venom for clotting. 🗝️ Pregnancy Complications:  The narrative heavily featured high-risk obstetrics, including Rh-incompatibility, vasa previa, and the tragic loss of a pregnancy due to umbilical embolism. Keywords: Medical Diagnoses The Good Doctor Season 4 Medical Diagnoses The Good Doctor Season 4

Image credit: liftingitalia.com . Fair use. S eason 3 of The Good Doctor  expands the scope of surgical intervention, moving from the operating room into the field during high-stakes disasters. The season balances cutting-edge experimental procedures—like ex vivo surgeries and gene therapy—with the raw, immediate trauma of earthquake response. From Dr. Shaun Murphy’s first lead surgery to the tragic loss of a beloved colleague, the medical complexity remains central to the narrative. Below is a comprehensive review of the specific medical diagnoses and treatments featured throughout Season 3. Content ⁉️ 1️⃣ Episode 1 2️⃣ Episode 2 3️⃣ Episode 3 4️⃣ Episode 4 5️⃣ Episode 5 6️⃣ Episode 6 7️⃣ Episode 7 8️⃣ Episode 8 9️⃣ Episode 9 🔟 Episode 10 1️⃣1️⃣ Episode 11 1️⃣2️⃣ Episode 12 1️⃣3️⃣ Episode 13 1️⃣4️⃣ Episode 14 1️⃣5️⃣ Episode 15 1️⃣6️⃣ Episode 16 1️⃣7️⃣ Episode 17 1️⃣8️⃣ Episode 18 1️⃣9️⃣ Episode 19 2️⃣0️⃣ Episode 20 🔖 Key Takeaways Episode 1 Metastatic Abdominal Cancer and Uterine Fibroids S uzanne initially presented with what appeared to be a bleeding uterine fibroid . However, upon opening the patient for routine surgery, the team discovered extensive malignant cancer  metastasized throughout the abdomen, affecting the liver, kidneys, and stomach. Treatment:  Dr. Murphy proposed a radical ex vivo surgery . This involved removing the essential organs from the body, cleaning the cancerous tissue, and reimplanting them. While the cancer was successfully removed, the procedure required the resection of a large portion of the bowel, resulting in a permanent ileostomy . Renal Cell Carcinoma (with Comorbid Dementia) Harvey, a patient with dementia, presented with back pain initially suspected to be kidney stones. Biopsy confirmed renal cell carcinoma  (kidney cancer). Diagnosis and Treatment:  Although the prognosis with treatment was excellent, the team highlighted the psychological burden on Harvey, who could not understand his suffering. His wife, Ruby, chose to prioritize his quality of life over a grueling recovery, declining treatment to take him home. Diabetic Neuropathy and Masked Foot Infection Marco Higgins was admitted with abdominal symptoms dismissed as "boring." Dr. Murphy noticed skin discoloration on the neck, indicating diabetes. Diagnosis:  The final diagnosis was diabetic neuropathy , which had masked the pain of a severe foot infection . This localized infection was the root cause of his systemic issues. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis):  Hard mineral deposits causing severe back pain. Bipolar Disorder:  Mental health condition characterized by significant mood swings. Anterior Shoulder Dislocation:  Humeral head forced out of the socket, treated via manual reduction. Intestinal Necrosis:  Death of bowel tissue requiring resection. Facial Laceration:  Skin wound requiring monitoring. Episode 2 Oromandibular Defect and Complex Mandibular Reconstruction J osh suffered a shattered mandible  and fractures to the temporal bone and maxilla after intervening in a subway incident. The damage to the mandibular ramus was extensive. Treatment:  Surgeons performed a vascularized free flap  procedure. They flipped up the pectoralis muscle to reconstruct the jaw, suturing the graft to the facial artery. Despite risks of sepsis, the surgery was successful, restoring his ability to speak. Intussusception and Secondary Intestinal Wall Perforation Braden (Infant). Following surgery for pyloric stenosis , the infant continued to vomit. Diagnosis and Treatment:  Investigation revealed a second condition: intussusception , where the bowel telescopes into itself. This caused an intestinal wall perforation . The team performed an emergency surgical resection to remove the damaged bowel section. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Gaping Laceration:  Deep tearing of skin and muscle. Post-operative Infection:  Inflammatory complication monitored via discharge. Pyloric Stenosis:  Thickening of the stomach muscle causing blockage. Oromandibular Defect:  Structural abnormality of the jaw and mouth. Sepsis:  Life-threatening systemic response to infection. Stroke:  Interruption of blood flow to the brain. Episode 3 Cholecystitis, Pulmonary Embolism M ichelle presented with abdominal pain and fever, diagnosed as cholecystitis . Before surgery, she experienced a drop in oxygen due to a pulmonary embolism  caused by undisclosed birth control use. Treatment:  After stabilizing the clot with an IVC filter, the team performed an open cholecystectomy. An accidental nick to the right hepatic artery caused a hemorrhage, which was successfully repaired. Angiosarcoma The Fisherman. A patient impaled by a marlin developed leg ulcerations unresponsive to antibiotics. Diagnosis and Treatment:  Possibilities like parasites  were ruled out for a final diagnosis of angiosarcoma . The leg was amputated to ensure clean margins. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed HIV and Hepatitis:  Viral infections screened for safety. Aeromonas Infection:  Bacterial infection common in aquatic trauma. Mycobacterium marinum:  Waterborne pathogen causing skin granulomas. Autoimmune Disorder:  Immune system attacking healthy tissue. Episode 4 Idiopathic Portal Hypertension and Sildenafil-Induced Hepatotoxicity M itchell Stewart presented with liver damage linked to genetic idiopathic portal hypertension . However, his liver deteriorated post-surgery. Diagnosis:  It was discovered Mitchell was taking a "natural" supplement containing sildenafil  (Viagra). While usually safe, it was toxic to his compromised liver. Congenital Insensitivity to Pain Lily Barstow presented with a ruptured appendix but felt no pain. fMRI confirmed she lacked activity in the brain areas responsible for processing pain signals. Treatment:  The lack of pain signals led to a delayed diagnosis and severe infection, requiring the amputation of her hand . A trial of Naloxone allowed her to feel pain temporarily, but the emotional weight was too overwhelming, and the medication was discontinued. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Autism:  Neurodevelopmental condition. Sleep Apnea:  Breathing disorder causing exhaustion. Heart Attack:  Fatal blockage of blood supply. Autoimmune Hepatitis:  Immune attack on liver cells. Fatty Liver:  Accumulation of excess fat in the liver. Episode 5 Esophageal Cancer and Jejunum Free Flap B eth required surgery for esophageal cancer , but scar tissue made a standard stomach pull-up impossible. Treatment:  Dr. Murphy proposed a jejunum free flap  (Yuri kucho saiken). This involved harvesting a portion of the small intestine to replace the esophagus. The complex microvascular anastomosis was successful. Auto-Brewery Syndrome Curtis presented with fractures and intoxication despite claiming sobriety. Diagnosis:  A benign tumor obstructed his intestinal tract, causing gut fermentation of carbohydrates. This Auto-Brewery Syndrome  was treated by removing the tumor. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Atrial Fibrillation (A-fib):  Irregular heart rate initially attributed to drinking. Upper GI Bleed:  Internal bleeding causing shock. H. pylori Infection:  Bacterial infection causing ulcers. Appendicitis:  Inflammation requiring appendectomy. Episode 6 Open Appendectomy (Surgical Complication) D r. Murphy performed his first lead surgery, an open appendectomy . Complication:  A nick to the ileocolic branch of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)  caused bleeding, which was controlled with suction and sponges. Uterine Mass in Pregnant Patient Patty, 23 weeks pregnant, had a non-malignant tumor surrounding her uterine arteries. An attempted arterial embolization failed. Treatment:  During resection, a massive hemorrhage led to unstable v-tach  and v-fib . Dr. Melendez performed an open-heart massage, and the baby was delivered prematurely to save the mother. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Accidental Laxative Ingestion:  Consumption requiring prescription management. Ocular Foreign Body:  Biological debris (bee wings) in the eye. Cardiac Arrest:  Cessation of heart function requiring resuscitation. Episode 7 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) T ara, lacking an immune system, had an infected lung. Necrotic debris necessitated a thoracotomy, exposing her to the outside environment and risking sepsis . Treatment:  Dr. Murphy advocated for gene replacement therapy  using a retroviral vector to modify her ADA gene. The treatment successfully raised her T-cell count. Ocular Cancer (Recurrent) Charlie faced total blindness due to recurrent cancer in his remaining eye. Treatment:  He underwent a complete enucleation  of the right eye, to be replaced by a prosthetic. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Pericardial Effusion:  Fluid accumulation around the heart. Northern Flying Squirrel Bite:  Animal trauma requiring infection assessment. Ear Infection:  Inflammatory condition requiring intervention. Episode 8 Lung Tumor Embedded in the Hilum W ren Braxton, an astronaut candidate presented with a tumor embedded in the hilum , dangerously close to the heart. Treatment:  To avoid a pneumonectomy, the team used a robotic surgical approach . Dr. Melendez utilized prostatectomy instruments to dissect the tumor from the pulmonary arteries with extreme precision, preserving the lung. Congestive Heart Failure Secondary to MI Rosalind Elion suffered a massive myocardial infarction  resulting in total heart failure and pulmonary edema. Outcome:  Unable to secure a transplant in time, she was transitioned to palliative care. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Rheumatoid Arthritis:  Dr. Morgan Reznick was diagnosed and treated with cortisone shots. Carotid Artery Plaque Dissection:  Condition requiring endarterectomy. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML):  Serious blood cancer. Episode 9 Catecholamine-Secreting Pelvic Tumors J eanie suffered seizures and TIA-like symptoms. Imaging revealed paraganglioma  lesions in the pelvis that released hormones during sexual intercourse. Treatment:  Surgery involved removing the tumors along with most of the vagina and clitoris, though fertility was preserved. Traumatic Aortic Laceration 39-Year-Old Male. A patient with blunt trauma and MDMA  in his system suffered an aortic laceration . Treatment:  An initial stent thrombosed, cutting off blood to the leg. An emergency prosthetic graft restored flow. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed MDMA Intoxication:  Caused hyperthermia and tachycardia. Ruptured Spleen:  Result of blunt trauma. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA):  Mini-stroke symptoms. Pancreatic Cancer:  Diagnosed as a terminal illness. Episode 10 T3 and T4 Burst Fractures A rt Kalman, a weightlifter suffered burst and facet fractures  at T3/T4, resulting in paralysis. Treatment:  The team used experimental hypothermia  to cool the body and reduce cord edema. Despite complications including bradycardia , the spine was realigned with rods and screws, reversing the paralysis. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Cord Edema:  Swelling of the spinal cord. Cardiac Arrhythmia:  Irregular rhythm caused by cooling. Morphine-Induced Delirium:  Confusion from pain medication. Episode 11 Comminuted Tibial Fracture and Compartment Syndrome K erry, a recovering addict, suffered a fracture that progressed to acute compartment syndrome . Treatment:  Refusing narcotics, she underwent intramedullary nailing  while awake, using only beta-blockers. Gastrointestinal Obstruction (Body Packing) Luca presented with obstruction caused by swallowed balloons of narcotics. Treatment:  Surgery was performed to remove the balloons and prevent fatal overdose. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed PTSD:  Linked to past trauma. Traumatic Avulsion:  Tearing of ligaments. Opioid Addiction:  Chronic disease requiring specific protocols. Episode 12 Lymphedema via ARAF Gene Mutation J ames McDougall. Severe swelling was traced to a rare ARAF gene mutation . Treatment:  Using zebrafish models to test drugs, the team identified Trametinib  as the correct treatment after the patient suffered a GI bleed. Recurrent Brain Tumor Angie Valens’s recurrent tumor invaded the thalamus . Outcome:  The tumor was deemed inoperable during surgery due to adherence to white matter. Angie passed away. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Persistent Depressive Disorder:  Chronic depression. Wilms Tumor:  Malignant kidney tumor. Lymphoma:  Cancer of the lymphatic system. Episode 13 Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (Cav Mals) C aroline Reznick suffered seizures due to Cav Mals . She refused lobectomy to preserve her artistic ability. Treatment:  Dr. Glassman performed stereotactic laser ablation  to destroy the vessels with precision. Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Oliver. A terminal cancer patient developed shingles . Outcome:  The viral infection alerted his immune system to the tumor, causing spontaneous shrinkage . The now-operable mass was removed. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Complex Partial Seizure:  Neurological event impairing consciousness. Gliosis:  Scarring in the brain. Fugu Poisoning:  Tetrodotoxin ingestion. Episode 14 Eagle Syndrome K ayley presented with throat pain and fainting. Diagnosis revealed Eagle Syndrome , caused by an elongated styloid process pinching the carotid artery. Treatment:  A transoral surgical approach was used to fracture and excise the bone. Genetic Hyperlipidemia Marla (Child). A toddler suffered a heart attack due to genetic hyperlipidemia . Treatment:  She underwent coronary bypass surgery  and was placed on lipid apheresis. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia:  Cranial nerve malfunction. Sphenopalatine Ganglioneuralgia:  Ice cream headache. Crohn's Disease:  Inflammatory bowel disease. Episode 15 Congenital Laryngeal Agenesis C ory was born without a larynx and relied on a tracheostomy. Treatment:  Surgeons reconstructed a larynx using costal cartilage  and rib segments to create a frame for vocal cords, allowing him to make sounds. Brachial Plexus Injury Fran. A dog attack left Fran with a severed nerve and no arm function. Treatment:  A nerve conduit  of silicone and polyglycolide was built to bridge the nerve gap, restoring electrical signal velocity. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Hypovolemic Shock:  Drop in blood pressure from bleeding. Laryngeal Malignancy:  Throat cancer. Venous Arc Hemorrhage:  Intraoperative vascular injury. Episode 16 Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome M aribel Ventane. A Jane Doe died from a carotid aneurysm rupture. Diagnosis:  Dr. Murphy’s investigation revealed hepatic aneurysms, confirming Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome , a hereditary condition weakening vessel walls. Arachnoid Cyst Aiden Michael Porter II exhibited two distinct personas ("Awake" and "Asleep"). Treatment:  An arachnoid cyst  compressing the hypothalamus was drained after the "Asleep" persona gave consent. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Aortic Dissection:  Tearing of the aortic wall. Multiple Sclerosis (MS):  CNS disease ruled out via MRI. Paraneoplastic Syndromes:  Immune response to tumors. Episode 17 Bilateral Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia A lice suffered fatigue and dizziness caused by adrenal glands overproducing adrenaline. Treatment:  Dr. Murphy surgically "squeezed out" the hyperplastic tissue to resolve symptoms without removing the glands. Complete Renal Failure (Secondary to Sepsis) Wes Keeler. A cactus prick led to sepsis , damaging the heart valve and causing renal failure. Treatment:  Wes was placed on low-flow dialysis  while awaiting a transplant. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Hepatitis C:  Viral liver infection. Vasculitis:  Inflammation of blood vessels. Idiopathic Dysautonomia:  Autonomic nervous system malfunction. Episode 18 Cervical Stenosis via Pseudoachondroplasia F inn. Pseudoachondroplasia  caused skull base narrowing, compressing the medulla and worsening sleep apnea. Treatment:  A posterior transdural approach was used to remove C1/C2 joints and drill off the odontoid, relieving pressure. Traumatic Limb Avulsion Sequelae Tyson. Previously reattached arms developed neuropathy  and arterial insufficiency. Treatment:   Double amputation  followed by the attachment of osseointegrated prosthetics controlled by neural signals. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis:  Dr. Glassman underwent a synovectomy  to extend his surgical career. Arterial Thrombosis:  Blood clot in restricted vessels. Episode 19 Spinal Cord Impingement M arta. Following a building collapse, C2 screws from a previous fusion pressed on the spinal cord. Treatment:  An emergency field surgery was performed using a beer engine  to create a cell saver for transfusion. Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy Unnamed. An asthma patient presented with back pain, revealing an ectopic pregnancy . Treatment:  The fallopian tube ruptured, requiring emergency surgery by Dr. Reznick to stop the hemorrhage. Aortic Transection Casey was impaled by rebar, severing his spine and acting as a cross-clamp on the aorta. Treatment:  A high-risk plan was devised to compress the aorta against the spine during extraction. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Cardiac Tamponade:  Fluid accumulation in pericardial sac. Subdermal Hematoma:  Blood collection under skin. Episode 20 Traumatic Aortic Dissection and Ischemic Bowel D r. Melendez suffered a retroperitoneal hemorrhage  and aortic dissection . Outcome:  The condition progressed to ischemic bowel  and septic shock. Deemed inoperable, he succumbed to his injuries. Impalement and Field Amputation Vera was trapped underwater by rebar. Treatment:  Dr. Murphy performed an emergency field amputation  in under three minutes to rescue her. Other Medical Diagnoses and Conditions Discussed Brain Death:  Irreversible loss of function. Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage:  Internal bleeding behind the abdomen. Surgical Diabetes:  Result of major abdominal resections. 🔖 Key Takeaways 🗝️ Field Medicine:  The season finale emphasized improvised trauma care, including a beer-pump transfusion and an underwater amputation. 🗝️ Genetic Mysteries:  Cases like the "Bubble Girl" (SCID), Auto-Brewery Syndrome, and Eagle Syndrome highlighted rare congenital and genetic anomalies. 🗝️ Surgical Precision:  Procedures utilizing robotic surgery for lung tumors and laser ablation for brain vascular malformations showcased high-tech interventions. 🗝️ Personal Cost:  The medical staff faced their own diagnoses, from Dr. Glassman’s rheumatoid arthritis to Dr. Melendez’s fatal aortic dissection. 🗝️ Experimental Therapies:  The season featured innovative treatments such as ex vivo organ cleaning, hypothermia for spinal injury, and using zebrafish for drug testing. Keywords: Medical Diagnoses The Good Doctor Season 3 Medical Diagnoses The Good Doctor Season 3